Chapter 1

Question 1

Which component of the criminal justice system “amends” the attitudes of offenders?

Answer 1

Corrections aims to correct or “amend” the behavior of offenders - Corrections is the part of the criminal justice system that deals with the supervision and management of convicted offenders.

Question 2

The primary responsibility of the government is to ______.

Answer 2

According to the book, the government should protect its citizens from those who could harm them.

Question 3

The study of the processes adopted for the punishment and prevention of crime is called ______.

Answer 3

Penology is the study of the processes adopted for the punishment and prevention of crime.

Question 4

Which factor has contributed most to the size of corrections in the United States

Answer 4

The war on drugs and the sentencing policies associated with it has had the largest impact on prison populations in the United States.

Question 5

Approximately one in three African American men in their 20s has been under some type of correctional supervision.

Answer 5

One in three African American men has been convicted of a crime

Question 6

The rate of violent crime has decreased since the 1960s.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

The concept of ______ means that the state assumes responsibility for punishing wrongdoers.

Answer 7

Controlled Vengeance - Controlled vengeance is the term that describes the state taking responsibility for punishing wrongdoers.

Question 8

According to the Classical School (ref. Beccaria), punishment must include certainty, swiftness, and ______ in order for it to be effective.

Answer 8

severity

Question 9

Beccaria argued that punishment would be most effective if it was sure to occur following a crime. What is this notion called?

Answer 9

Certainty - Beccaria argued that in order for punishment to be effective it should be certain. He claimed that a moderate but certain punishment was more effective than a terrible but uncertain one.

Question 10

Beccaria argued that punishment would be most effective if it promptly followed the commission of a crime. What is this notion called?

Answer 10

Swiftness - According to the Classical School, punishment must be certain, swift, and severe.

Question 11

Positivists prioritized ______ and argued that the concepts underlying classical thought ought to be ignored due to their inability to be perceived.

Answer 11

Science - Positivists were concerned with making conclusions based on empirical evidence and science.

Question 12

Retributive justice is a philosophy of punishment driven by the passion for revenge.

Answer 12

True - Retributive justice is driven by the passion for revenge.

Question 13

What is the concept of the hedonistic calculus?

Answer 13

The hedonistic calculus is a method by which people calculate the anticipated pros and cons of a given course of action, particularly as it relates to potential punishment.

Question 14

Which justification for punishment suggests that offenders who commit minor crimes deserve a minor punishment, while those who commit serious crimes deserve a severe punishment?

Answer 14

Retribution - demands that the punishment fit the crime.

Question 15

Specific deterrence has been found to be effective at preventing criminals from reoffending.

Answer 15

False - Specific deterrence does not always work because many criminals do not make a connection between crime and punishment. Over two thirds of offenders commit another crime within 3 years of release.

Question 16

Which justification for punishment argues that punishment should prevent criminals from victimizing people outside of prison?

Answer 16

Incapacitation - Incapacitation is the justification for punishment whereby offenders who are locked up cannot harm people in society.

Question 17

A small number of offenders commit a large majority of crime.

Answer 17

True - Research indicates that fewer than 10% of offenders commit the majority of all crimes.

Question 18

The justification of rehabilitation argues that the goal of punishment is to ______.

Answer 18

Change an offender’s attitude to accept that their behavior was wrong- Rehabilitation tries to help offenders by changing their attitudes to accept that their behavior was wrong.

Question 19

The ______ model emphasizes community protection from offenders.

Answer 19

Crime control - The crime control model emphasizes the safety of the community from criminals.

Question 20

What is a principle tenet of the crime control model?

Answer 20

A well-ordered society must suppress criminal activity swiftly, efficiently, and with finality. The crime control model argues that suppression of criminal activity is necessary for a well-ordered society and that this suppression must be achieved swiftly, efficiently, and with finality.

Question 21

The due process model is primarily concerned with the ______.

Answer 21

Integrity of the legal proceedings - The due process model is mostly concerned with the integrity of the legal process. It puts up obstacles to the suppression of criminal activity in the form of laws and guidelines law enforcement must follow.

Question 22

According to the due process model, police officers must not interrogate a suspect without the suspect’s consent.

Answer 22

True - The due process model ensures that evidence is obtained in a legal manner, including during interrogation.