CH 9 Flashcards
The supervised release of convicted criminals from prison before the completion of their full sentences on their promise of good behavior is called ____________.
Parole
Alexander Maconochie, a superintendent of a penal colony and a former British naval officer who had been imprisoned himself, believed the real goal of punishment and imprisonment was to ______.
Alexander Maconochie said that corrections should “correct,” or, “teach virtue.”
Walter Crofton borrowed the ticket of leave (TOL) system and adapted it to create the ______ system.
Walter Crofton developed the Irish system based on the TOL system
Inmates must earn discretionary parole. True or False
True - A parole board decides whether an inmate has earned discretionary parole.
Which type of parole occurs automatically for inmates in states that have determinate sentencing systems?
Mandatory parole is the automatic parole for inmates in states that have determinate sentencing systems.
On average, discretionary parolees were rearrested sooner than unconditionally released parolees. True or False
False - On average, unconditionally released parolees were rearrested sooner than discretionary parolees
States that have ______ must also have parole boards.
Parole
Nearly all prisoners eventually return to the community. True or False
True - In 2016, there were 457,100 offenders who entered American state and federal prisons, and 456,000 left them (99.7%).
Locking up people from criminogenic neighborhoods will lead to less crime there. True or False
False
Most incarcerated fathers lived with their children prior to incarceration. True or False
False
The majority of incarcerated parents have drug problems. True or False
True - The majority of convicted parents are convicted of violent or drug crimes. Eighty-five percent of incarcerated parents have a history of drug problems.
What are the phases of successful reentry according to the text?
-Phase 1—Protect and Prepare, offenders are educated, treated, and trained prior to release.
-Phase 2—Control and Restore; community-based programs help offenders transition back into the community immediately after release.
-Phase 3—Sustain and Support, offenders must take advantage of long-term support services.
What is the most important tool for successful reintegration of offenders
employment
There are many competing potential standards for defining parole “success.” True or False
True- There is no agreed-upon definition of parole “success.” Different states view success differently, so it is hard to compare the success in one state with that of another state.
Programs that ______ work best for offenders trying to reenter society
Programs taught in the community tend to be effective for people reentering society. There are many such transitional programs, such as halfway houses and work release programs
An offender who is in between the constant supervision of prison and the lighter supervision in the community may be sent to ______.
a. Halfway houses are “halfway” between the constant supervision of prison and the much looser supervision in the community (community residential centers)
different types
Offenders who are in ______ must stay in a specific location at all times except for approved periods, such as travel to work or school
house arrest
Using ______, which allows law enforcement to remotely supervise offenders under house arrest, increased the public’s approval of house arrest as an option.
Electronic monitoring - The public came to approve more of house arrest after the introduction of electronic monitoring, which allows law enforcement to monitor offenders for compliance using computerized technology
Joan Petersilia’s work on reentry identified several characteristics of effective programs, one of which was ______.
Programs that use cognitive-behavioral treatment techniques appear to be more successful.
In which case did the Court decide that probationers have a right to counsel at a deferred sentencing (probation revocation) hearing?
It was Mempa v. Rhay that the Court decided probationers have a right to counsel at a deferred sentencing hearing.
In this case, probation was revoked without a proper hearing or the assistance of legal counsel, and the probationer was sent to prison.
Parole officers need a warrant to search parolees’ homes. True or False
False - Because probationers and parolees waive their Fourth Amendment search and seizure rights, probation and parole officers may conduct searches at any time without a warrant and without probable cause.
probation and parole have limited constitutional rights
Parole allows convicted criminals to leave prison to be supervised in the community before the completion of their full sentences. True or False
true
Parolees are usually different from probationers because parolees have already spent time in prison. True or False
True
Fewer than half of released prisoners are rearrested within 5 years. True or False
False - Far more than half of released prisoners are rearrested within 5 years; over three quarters (76.6%) are.
Probationers have higher rates of success than parolees. True or False
true
States’ reluctance to re-incarcerate offenders for minor infractions has contributed to an increase in parole “success” rates. True or False
True - States have been more reluctant to reincarcerate offenders for minor infractions, contributing to increases in parole success.