CH 14

Question 1

______ means to restore or return to constructive activity.

Answer 1

-Rehabilitation

Question 2

Robert Martinson’s (1974) article, “What Works? Questions and Answers about Prison Reform,” made people question the correctional goal of rehabilitation. True or False

Answer 2

-True - Martinson’s article made people question rehabilitation.
-This article changed the way that people viewed correctional programming.
-“What works?” was translated into “nothing works.”

Question 3

Martinson (1974) found that ______.

Answer 3

-Martinson found that most programs have little effect on recidivism.

Question 4

______ means that to reduce recidivism, corrections must implement practices that show effectiveness through empirical assessment.

Answer 4

-Evidence-based practices

Question 5

Assessing offenders’ risk and needs is important for implementing the principles of best practice. True or False

Answer 5

-True
- It is important to assess offenders’ risks and needs at the individual and aggregate levels.

Question 6

The risk principle refers to ______.

Answer 6

The risk principle refers to an offender’s probability of reoffending. Offenders with the highest risk receive the most intense treatment.

Question 7

Offenders with high risk tend to have high needs. True or False

Answer 7

-True - Offenders with high risk tend to have high needs.

Question 8

What is the most overtly “scientific” therapy?

Answer 8

CBT is the most scientific therapy.

This approach combines the principles of operant psychology, cognitive theory, and social learning theory.

This type of therapy is used to address offenders’ risks and needs and is preferred by the RNR model.

Question 9

The first lesson of CBT is that criminals think in ways very similar to non-criminals. True or False

Answer 9

False - The first lesson of CBT is that criminals think differently than the rest of us. (Explain)

Question 10

Which substance is most widely used among people involved in the criminal justice system?

Answer 10

Alcohol - This is the most widely used substance in the United States and among offenders.

Police officers spend most of their law enforcement time on offenses related to this substance.

Question 11

What program shows success based on its “no nonsense” delivery of treatment and “swift and certain” punishment for violations?

Answer 11

HOPE - Hawaii’s Opportunity Probation With Enforcement has shown success based on its “no nonsense” delivery of treatment and “swift and certain” punishment for violations.

Results of this program are based on approximately 500 drug-using probationers with an elevated risk for violating probation.

Question 12

A person with Type II alcoholism is more likely to engage in late-onset drinking and become addicted slowly. True or False

Answer 12

False - Compared to a person with Type I alcoholism, a person with Type II alcoholism is more likely to engage in early-onset drinking and become addicted more rapidly.

Not all people with alcohol addiction are the same.

Genes are involved more in Type II alcoholism

Question 13

Addiction is ______.

Answer 13

Addiction is a psychobiological illness.

Contextual elements can affect addiction.

Question 14

______ is often central to violent criminal behavior.

Answer 14

Anger is often central to violent criminal behavior.

It can be frustrating to be under correctional supervision, which can lead to more violence in some individuals.

Explain Emotional Regulation and Anger

Question 15

A central component of many treatment programs in corrections is anger management. True or False

Answer 15

True - It is important to teach offenders how to manage their emotions and behaviors.

Question 16

Sex offenders are less likely to reoffend than other types of offenders. True or False

Answer 16

True - Sex offenders do not reoffend as much as other categories of offenders.

Question 17

All 50 states have sex offender registries. True or False

Answer 17

True -

Question 18

In ______, sex offenders are given a synthetic hormone to reduce sexual thoughts, fantasies, and erections.

Answer 18

Chemical castration involves the use of a synthetic hormone to reduce sexual thoughts, fantasies, and erections by reducing the amount of testosterone produced.

By depriving the brain of testosterone, offenders can concentrate on their psychosocial problems without distracting urges.

Question 19

Research demonstrates that individuals with mental illnesses are more likely to be victims than offenders. True or False

Answer 19

True - People with mental illnesses are more likely to be victims than offenders.

Question 20

Research has found that persons with mental illness are about half as likely to have convictions for violent offenses than the general population. True or False

Answer 20

False - People with mental illnesses are more likely to be victims than offenders.

Mentally ill people are 3–4 times more likely to have convictions for violent offenses than the general population.

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the correctional system.

Many people with mental illnesses also have substance abuse problems.

Research has focused mainly on offenders with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder