Chapter 1 Flashcards
Organization of the Organism from smallest to biggest
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ systems, Organism
What does life require?
materials and energy
What is energy?
What is metabolism?
capacity to do work
all chemical reactions occurring in the cell
Ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on earth
sun
Living Organisms Respond by…
Finding energy and/or nutrients by interacting with the environment
movement
Living Organisms Reproduce and Develop by…
Bacteria and other single-cell organisms split into two
multicellular organisms - union of egg and sperm producing an embryo
Living Organisms have adaptations
modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life
ex: adaptations for flight and catching prey; humans living an extreme elevations exhibit an adaptation that reduces the amt. of hemoglobin in blood
What is evolution?
process by which populations change over time, often with adaptations to their environment, and pass on these changes to the next generation
explains unity and diversity of life
“descent with modification”
What is natural selection?
evolution occurs from process of natural selection
process that results in populations adapting to the environment
ex: Hawaiian honeycreepers: all evolved from one species of finch, assortment of bill types adapted to different types of food
What is taxonomy
Discipline of naming and classifying organisms according to certain rules
Categories of classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Domain Archaea
Prokaryote - unicellular, lacks membrane bound nucleus
may be representative of first cells on earth
capable of living in extreme environments
Domain Bacteria
Prokaryote - unicellular, lacks membrane bound nucleus
found almost everywhere
structurally simple but metabolically diverse
ex: E. coli
Domain Eukarya
divided into 4 kingdoms (eukaryotes)
1. Kingdom Protista (single or multicellular)
2. Kingdom Fungi (mostly multicellular)
3. Kingdom Plantae (multicellular)
4. Kingdom Animalia (multicellular)
Kingdom Protists
plant and animal-like characteristics
Kingdom Plants
Multicellular photosynthesizers
ex: bristlecone pine
Kingdom Animals
multicellular organism that ingest food
ex: humans
Kingdom Fungi
multicellular decomposers
ex: mushrooms
Binomial Name
First word is genus, second word is specific epithet
Scientific Method
Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiments, conclusion
Scientific Theory
accepted explanations of how the world works
ex: cell theory, evolution
Experimental design
Independent variable - manipulated variable
dependent variable - shows response
standardized variables - held constant of all subjects
Controls - provides basis for comparison to the experimental group
Chemical cycling
chemicals from decomposers move to producers,
producers to consumers
consumers back to decomposers
Energy flow
producers acquire solar energy
part of energy is moved to consumers and other part is emitted as heat
consumers move a part of energy to decomposers and other part is emitted as heat
decomposers emit energy in the form of heat
