Chapter 1

Question 1

Organization of the Organism from smallest to biggest

Answer 1

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ systems, Organism

Question 2

What does life require?

Answer 2

materials and energy

Question 3

What is energy?
What is metabolism?

Answer 3

capacity to do work
all chemical reactions occurring in the cell

Question 4

Ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on earth

Answer 4

sun

Question 5

Living Organisms Respond by…

Answer 5

Finding energy and/or nutrients by interacting with the environment
movement

Question 6

Living Organisms Reproduce and Develop by…

Answer 6

Bacteria and other single-cell organisms split into two
multicellular organisms - union of egg and sperm producing an embryo

Question 7

Living Organisms have adaptations

Answer 7

modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life
ex: adaptations for flight and catching prey; humans living an extreme elevations exhibit an adaptation that reduces the amt. of hemoglobin in blood

Question 8

What is evolution?

Answer 8

process by which populations change over time, often with adaptations to their environment, and pass on these changes to the next generation
explains unity and diversity of life
“descent with modification”

Question 9

What is natural selection?

Answer 9

evolution occurs from process of natural selection
process that results in populations adapting to the environment
ex: Hawaiian honeycreepers: all evolved from one species of finch, assortment of bill types adapted to different types of food

Question 10

What is taxonomy

Answer 10

Discipline of naming and classifying organisms according to certain rules

Question 11

Categories of classification

Answer 11

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 12

Domain Archaea

Answer 12

Prokaryote - unicellular, lacks membrane bound nucleus
may be representative of first cells on earth
capable of living in extreme environments

Question 13

Domain Bacteria

Answer 13

Prokaryote - unicellular, lacks membrane bound nucleus
found almost everywhere
structurally simple but metabolically diverse
ex: E. coli

Question 14

Domain Eukarya

Answer 14

divided into 4 kingdoms (eukaryotes)
1. Kingdom Protista (single or multicellular)
2. Kingdom Fungi (mostly multicellular)
3. Kingdom Plantae (multicellular)
4. Kingdom Animalia (multicellular)

Question 15

Kingdom Protists

Answer 15

plant and animal-like characteristics

Question 16

Kingdom Plants

Answer 16

Multicellular photosynthesizers
ex: bristlecone pine

Question 17

Kingdom Animals

Answer 17

multicellular organism that ingest food
ex: humans

Question 18

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 18

multicellular decomposers
ex: mushrooms

Question 19

Binomial Name

Answer 19

First word is genus, second word is specific epithet

Question 20

Scientific Method

Answer 20

Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiments, conclusion

Question 21

Scientific Theory

Answer 21

accepted explanations of how the world works
ex: cell theory, evolution

Question 22

Experimental design

Answer 22

Independent variable - manipulated variable
dependent variable - shows response
standardized variables - held constant of all subjects
Controls - provides basis for comparison to the experimental group

Question 23

Chemical cycling

Answer 23

chemicals from decomposers move to producers,
producers to consumers
consumers back to decomposers

Question 24

Energy flow

Answer 24

producers acquire solar energy
part of energy is moved to consumers and other part is emitted as heat
consumers move a part of energy to decomposers and other part is emitted as heat
decomposers emit energy in the form of heat