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Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of body parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of body parts

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3
Q

Sign

A

Objective indicator, can be seen or measured. Ex) fever, BP, coughing

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4
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective indicator, feelings described by the patient. Ex) nausea, pain, fatigue

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5
Q

Structural org. Of the body

A

Chemical level (atoms, molecules, organelles), cellular level (single cell), tissue level (groups of similar cells), organ level (two+ types of tissues), organ system level (organs that work together), organism Al level (all organ systems combined to make the whole organism)

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6
Q

Integumentary major organs

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

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7
Q

Integumentary major functions

A

Protect tissues, regulate body temp, support sensory receptors

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8
Q

Skeletal system major organs

A

Bones, ligaments, cartilages

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9
Q

Skeletal major functions

A

Framework, protect soft tissue, attachment for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts

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10
Q

Muscular major organs

A

Muscles

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11
Q

Muscular major functions

A

Causes movements, maintain posture, produce body heat

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12
Q

Nervous system major organs

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

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13
Q

Nervous system major functions

A

Detect changes, receive and interpret sensory info, stimulate muscles and glands

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14
Q

Endocrine major organs

A

Glands that secret hormones

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15
Q

Endocrine major functions

A

Control metabolic activities of body structures

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16
Q

Cardiovascular major organs

A

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

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17
Q

Cardiovascular major functions

A

Move blood through blood vessels and transport substances through bidy

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18
Q

Lymphatic major organs

A

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

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19
Q

Lymphatic major functions

A

Return tissue through blood vessels and transport substances throughout body

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20
Q

Digestive major organs

A

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines

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21
Q

Digestive major functions

A

Receive, breakdown, and absorb food, eliminate unabsorbed material

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22
Q

Respiratory major organs

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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23
Q

Respiratory major functions

A

Intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood

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24
Q

Urinary major organs

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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25
Q

Urinary major functions

A

Removes waste from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and transport urine

26
Q

Reproductive major organs

A

Male: scritum, testes, Lenin’s, urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles
Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva

27
Q

Reproductive major functions

A

Produce and maintain egg cells, receive spermicide cells, support development of embryo and function in birth process

28
Q

Requirements for life

A

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment

30
Q

Homeostatic controls

A

Nervous and endocrine systems. 3 components: receptor (sensor), control center (decision), effector (avtion)

31
Q

Homeostatic controls: receptor

A

Monitors environment and responds to stimuli

32
Q

Homeostatic controls: control center

A

Decision about how to go back to normal. Determines set point at which var. is maintained. Receives input from recept

33
Q

Homeostatic controls: effector

A

Action. Receives info from control center. Provides response that reduces stimulus (negative feedback) or enhances stimulus (positive feedback)

34
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reduces or shits off original stimulus, var changes in opposite direction of initial change. Most common feedback mech in the body.

35
Q

Example of neg. feedback: high BP

A

Stimulus = high BP
Sensor = baroreceptor (aorta and cortical)
Control center = brain stem (cardiovascular centers <120/80
Effectors = blood vesicles respond with vasodilation and heart rate lowers

36
Q

Positive feedback

A

Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus. Can be very unstable because moving away from homeostasis

37
Q

Example of positive feedback

A

Uterine contractions during labor. Blood clotting

38
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing with feet slightly apart, face forward, palms forward

39
Q

Superior

A

Toward head

40
Q

Inferior

A

Away from head

41
Q

Anterior

A

To front of body

42
Q

Posterior

A

To back of body

43
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to midline

44
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from midline

45
Q

Intermediate

A

Between two structures

46
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On same side of bidy

47
Q

Contra lateral

A

On opposite side of body

48
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to trunk

49
Q

Distal

A

Further from trunk

50
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to body’s surface

51
Q

Deep

A

Away from body’s surface

52
Q

Frontal plane

A

Anterior and posterior

53
Q

Transverse plane

A

Superior and inferior

54
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Cut was off centered

55
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Cute was on midline

56
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body vertically into left and right

57
Q

Oblique plane

A

At an angle

58
Q

Serous membranes

A

Thin double layered membranes that cover the viscera within thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Visceral layer: in contact with the outer organ surface
Parietal later: in contact with the wall of the cavity

59
Q

Serous membranes in the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura: surround lungs
Pericardium: surrounds heart
Mediastinum: connective tissue that surrounds other thoracic organs

60
Q

Serous membranes of the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum: surrounds abdominal organs

Anatomy (4 decks)

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