Chapter 1

Question 1

Hannah Rosin’s article

Answer 1

In 2010 women became the majority of the workforce in the US
More boys fail to graduate high school
Women receive the majority of college degrees
About half of doctors and lawyers are now women
Many wives earn higher salaries than their partners
In modern societies, strength is not as important as it was historically

Question 2

Essentialist view

Answer 2

Gender differences are biologically based
Resistant to change
Males generally subscribe

Question 3

Biosocial view

Answer 3

A great deal of flexibility in gender-linked differences
Associated with social constructionism
Females generally subscribe

Question 4

The minimalist view:

Answer 4

Few important differences

Question 5

The maximalist view:

Answer 5

Large, fundamental differences
Many hold an essentialist view

Question 5

The maximalist view:

Answer 5

Large, fundamental differences
Many hold an essentialist view

Question 6

Structuralists

Answer 6

Understanding the structure of the conscious mind
Ignored individual differences (the general adult mind)
Excluded women in early research

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Emphasis on how the mind functions
Wider variety of subjects, including children and women
Individual differences in mental abilities and personal traits
Biological basis for sex differences
Findings supported prevailing cultural roles
Women less intelligent, maternally oriented, and unlikely to be successful

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

Consistent with masculinity (tough minded and combative)
Focus on observable behavior
Ignored social factors despite a focus on nurture
“womanless” psychology – failed to include women as participants and failed to examine gender related factors

Question 9

Psychoanalysis Freud

Answer 9

Women were portrayed to be inferior to men
Both intellectually and morally, as well, women are more concerned with appearance, and have penis envy

Question 10

Liberal feminists

Answer 10

wanted to extend women’s rights and fight discrimination

Question 11

Radical feminists

Answer 11

focused on the oppression of women

Question 12

Cultural feminists

Answer 12

advocate an acceptance of traditionally feminine values

Question 13

Sex

Answer 13

Implies biological basis for differences

Question 14

Gender

Answer 14

Emphasizes social nature of differences
Not a description of biology

Question 15

Mens Movement

Answer 15

Initiated during the 19th century women’s suffrage movement, with an evolving challenge to study gender roles and inhibitions of traditional masculinity, as well as evoking men’s full potential.
From Agriculture to industrial
Women entering the workforce
Increasing demands for education

Question 16

Diversity

Answer 16

DIVERSITY has been a problem for the women in psychology, who devoted their energy to issues of sexism rather than racism.
Minority women sometimes felt that they had to choose between supporting their ethnic group or supporting women.