Chapter 1

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

The study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

Question 3

What are the 2 main types of anatomy?

Answer 3

Gross and microscopic

Question 4

What are the levels of organization found in the human body?

Answer 4

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 5

What are the main organs in the integumentary system?

Answer 5

Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails

Question 6

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 6

Protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information

Question 7

What are the main organs in the skeletal system?

Answer 7

Bones, cartilage, associated ligaments, bone marrow

Question 8

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 8

Provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells

Question 9

What are the main organs in the muscular system?

Answer 9

Skeletal muscles and associated tendons

Question 10

What are the main functions ones the muscular system?

Answer 10

Provides movement, provides protection and support for other tissues, generates heat that maintains body temperature

Question 11

What are the main organs in the nervous system?

Answer 11

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

Question 12

What are the main functions of the nervous system?

Answer 12

Directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

Question 13

What are the main organs of the endocrine system?

Answer 13

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues in other systems

Question 14

What are the main functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 14

Directs long term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body, controls many structural and functional changes during development

Question 15

What are the main organs of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 15

Heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 16

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Question 17

What are the main organs in the lymphatic system?

Answer 17

spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

Question 18

What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 18

Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the blood stream

Question 19

What are the main organs in the respiratory system?

Answer 19

nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

Question 20

What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 20

delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from blood stream

Question 21

What are the main organs of the digestive system?

Answer 21

teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 22

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 22

processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients, stores energy reserves

Question 23

What are the main organs in the urinary system?

Answer 23

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 24

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 24

excretes waste products from the blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, regulates blood ion concentrations and pH

Question 25

What is the principle of complementary? (“form fits function”)

Answer 25

All physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures. The form of a structure relates to its function.

Question 26

What is homeostasis?

Answer 26

The existence of a stable environment; dynamic state of equilibrium

Question 27

What is autoregulation?

Answer 27

Local control (intrinsic); short-distance

Question 28

What is extrinsic regulation?

Answer 28

Involves long-distance activity of the nervous or endocrine systems

Question 29

What a is positive feedback loop?

Answer 29

initial stimulus produces a response that amplifies the original change in conditions

Question 30

What is a positive feedback loop example?

Answer 30

A break in the blood vessel wall; platelets adhere to site and release chemicals; the released platelets attract more chemicals; platelets plug forms to stop bleeding

Question 31

What is a negative feedback loop?

Answer 31

initial stimulus produces a response that decreases the original change in conditions; when you are hot. your vessels dilate and you sweat. when you are cold, your vessels constrict and you shiver

Question 32

What are the abdominopelvic quadrants?

Answer 32

Right upper; right lower; left upper; left lower

Question 33

What are the abdominopelvic regions?

Answer 33

right hypochondriac; right lumbar; right inguinal; epigastric; umbilical; hypogastric; left hypochondriac; left lumbar; left inguinal

Question 34

What is the membrane that Iines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Answer 34

Serous membrane

Question 35

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 35

diaphragm

Question 36

What cavities are in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 36

pleural and pericardial

Question 37

What cavities are in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 37

peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic