Chapter 1 Flashcards
Give me definitely an illness?
An abnormal process in which aspect of social , emotional,or intellectual condition and function of a person are diminished or impaired
What are primitive people ?
Believed that a person became sick when evil spirits entered the body and that the presence of good spirits kept disease away
What is the definition of a hospital penthouse in the 19th century?
They were called dirty ,overcrowded facilities fillies with patient
Give me an example of nursing education in the 19th century?
that provider care typically untrained
hygienic practice were poor and this result high infection and mortality rates
Who established the first school of nursing mid1800?
Theodore Fliedner, a German pastor kaiserwerth reach young women England Florence Nightingale
What are the Factors that have changed nursing?
How we care for the sick, The way people live,
The relationship of people with their environment,
The search for knowledge and truth through education, Technologic advances
Who is Known as “Lady of the Lamp” why she is called ? What date?
Florence nightingale the called her lady of lamp she ,made her rounds late night through the rows of the injured and sick carried lamp date 1820 to 1910 she credits the first nursing theorist
Florence Nightingale, what did she do for nursing from occupation to profession?
-Credited as the first nursing theorist
-Helped to shift the views of the nursing education
-Established nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital in London
-Promoted new standards of nursing
-Nightingale Plan was established (sanitation changes, cleaning our hands and our hospitals)
-Crimean war, decides to help the soldiers with 38 other nurses along with her
-First thing she does is laundry and cleaning, mortality rate rises
Nightingale Nurses improved patient care by ?
Good hygiene
sanitation patient observation
accurate record keeping ,
nutrition improvement
introduction and use of a new medical equipment
Who did American Society Superintendent training school nursing primary goal set education standards of nursing ?
Isabel Hampton and Lavinia Dock organized?
What are changes in nursing during the twentieth Century?
licensing of nursing (granting permission by the overseeing authority to engage in practice or activities that would otherwise it illegal)
As part of the reorganization
that followed in 1911 American Nurses Association(ANA) became National League for nursing (NLN) education the develop curriculum plan
Contemporary nursing
-growth and diversity became the major emphasis as the industry became increasingly lucrative and nursing was demand increase rate grate it became more advanced nursing roles include nurse anesthetist ,nurse practitioners
World War I and World War II
After the war many of the nurses trained by program in military service prestige ,pay and the opportunity were great after the war in great depression it lead to increase nursing storage
Major American Nursing Leaders
Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton
Mary Ann Ball
Linda Richards *
Isabel Hampton Robb
Dorothea Dix (Prison & mental health reform) Army
Clara Barton (Red Cross)
Mary Ann Ball (Civil War Nurse)
Linda Richards (America’s first trained nurse/mental health founder)
Isabel Hampton Robb (nursing ethics & ANA founder)
Which first country had the licensing ?
North Carolina
New jersey
new York
(licensing for Practical Nurse In the U.S 1914)
Who published position recommendations the baccalaureate degree level as minimum ?
1903 Isabel Hampton Robb and Adelaide Nutting
Nursing Caps, Uniforms, and Pins give colors why ?
respectability, cleanliness and servitude and capping ceremony ritual junior nurse receive their first cap
train nurse got the long dress which short dress graduate( the movement of men into profession for whom there is no cap was discounted ) ,For pin blue band signaled constancy and red illustrations mercy and relief suffering
Give me an example of significant Changes in Nursing During 21 century?
- Demographic changes change life expectancy of the population is increasing and growth number of older adults are seeking healthcare for chronic illnesses
2.Women’s health care issues increase asserting their equal rights as human ,employees , health care professional and area of interest for women health include reproductive health,heart disease,cancer
- Men in nursing through time men has decrease of nursing Florence Nightingale with decrease men nursing she recommended “gentlewomen” replace workers who unskilled ,men are likely to leave the professional report indicate that challenges related to feeling social isolation ,stereotypes ,incorporate masculine styles ,lack male role
4.Human rights Nursing advocate for the rights for all individuals patient, creation of bills of right address the right hospitalized patient ,those who are dying ,older adult, pregnant women
5.Medically underserved soaring rates of unemployment,homelessness,undocumented workers,and poverty combine with enormous rise health care costs
Nursing shortage
The first for training practical nurses opened in ?
Brooklyn, New York, 1892 under auspices of the young women chrisistian Association (YWCA)
Development of Practical and Vocational Nursing ?
Attendant nurses—3 months education
Practical nursing programs improved educational standards
Federal funds helped recruitment of men and women
Organizational Influence is?
National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
Founded by Lillian Kuster in 1949
Membership limited to LPN/LVNs
Organizational Influence is PN/VN?
National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
Founded by Lillian Kuster in 1949
Membership limited to LPN/LVNs
National League for Nursing (NLN)
In 1961, established the Department of Practical Nursing Programs
Developed an accreditation service for these programs, which today is called the Council of Practical Nursing Programs.
Approved Program and Accreditation Definition ?
approved program satisfies the minimum standard set by state agency responsible overseeing educational programs , example it meets that needs students course content and qualified faculty
Accreditation A higher standard significance that accrediting organization has judges program has met presume
What are factors that Influenced Practical and Vocational Nursing ?
Need for trained caregiver (who could be trained and ready to servicemen a shirt time )
World War I (Spanish influenza)
The self-taught practical nurse (Practice nurse were working to meet the needs of the country)
And Duties of LPN/LVNs (relation to those tasks performed by the registered nurse)
Position paper of the American Nurses Association. (First position on education nursing was released )
Give me definitely Articulation?
Allows nursing program to plan their curricula collaboratively , the purpose is to lesson duplication of learning experience and support process of progressive buildup
What is Portfolio?
organized account of an individual education and professional accomplish
The term nurse was only used in the broad sense as?
a person who takes care of the sick
Give me the definition Health Care System ?
Complete network of agencies, facilities, and providers involved within a specified geographic area
(Goal to achieve optimal levels of health care for a defined population)
This healthcare environment include?
The patient’s,
the patient’s family,
the community in which the system operate, Technology, governments and regulatory agencies,
the medical professionals, third party participants insurance company
How is the range of a person or patient total health describe along ?
Wellness- illness continuum
At one end spectrum wellness ?
A dynamic state of health in which individuals progresses toward higher function,achieving an optimal balance between internal and external environments
Wellness; Highest level of optimal health
Illness is the opposite : Diminishes or impaired state of health
wellness-illness continuum ?
- Range of a person’s total health
- Each individual’s position is ever-changing
- Wellness versus illness
- Role of holistic health care
holistic health care definition ?
A system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of a person
The Maslow’s Model of Health and Illness ? Who is by?
This model enable the nurse to understand the patients individual level of wellness and position of the continuum
Abraham Maslow 1940s he believed formed by individuals attempts to meet essential human needs as physiological,safety and security abs love and belongings and esteem and self -actualization
Maslow’s model in order of Health and Illness ?
1.Physiologic
nutrition,elimination,oxygenation,sexuality
2.Safety and security
stability ,protection,security ,freedom from fear and anxiety
3..Love and belongingness
affection,acceptance by peers and community
4..Esteem
self-respect, self-confidence feeling of self worth
5.Self-actualization
full use of individual talent
Today, are three levels of health promotion recognized ?
Primary prevention seeks to avoid disease state through wellness activities and screening programs such mammograms,colonoscopies,,and glucose screening.
Secondary prevention recognized the presence of disease but seeks to reduce the impact of condition encouraging behavior to promote health
Tertiary Prevention Serious health problems quality of swipe and reduce future loss of function and capture
Health promotion and illness Prevention?
Hospitals have become clean
increasing safe location
the US Department of Public health works to help identification of disease type and risk factor
Delivery of Patient Care?
Involves determining patient individuals needs
developing a plane care to meet that expressed needs of the patient and meeting the needs of the patient
Give me a caregiver example ?
Holistic care require that professional from different areas come to together condition dictates , referrals to other care provider may be indicate
Participants in the Health Care System are?
Professional health care specialist
Registered nurses (RNs) Licensed practical/vocational nurse
Other caregivers “family”
Technologists, medical technician
Economic Factors Affecting Health and Illness are ?
Rising health care costs
An increasing number of aging Americans (stay long to live, increase of older)
Advances in technology
Health care insurance
Malpractice insurance
“defensive of medicines”
Changes in a delivery system
reduces the overall cost of the patient care
allows employers to maximize the use of available staff
Social and Environmental Factors that Affect Health and Illness?
financial hardships
lifestyle choices
Social pressures
Personal Behavior
Health Promotion are ?
Most people in the United States have a right to health care without discrimination includes treatment of disease Health promotion
( the process of encouraging clients to take control and improve their overall health)
Patient rights
Who made the Bill of Rights Patient
?
patient right ensure the patient fundamental rights for treatment AHA american Hospital Association
What is the resident of Bill of rights is a document developed ?
to provide clarity to that need and right of the individual resides in a long terms
Interdisciplinary “knowledgement” Approach to Health Care?
Development of comprehensive care plan
Effective communication
Accurate documentation
The primary goal of healthcare team is?
optimal physical mental and social being of patient
patient ?
The individual who receives the care
Health?
the area along the wellness-illness continuum that patient occupies
The primary goal of healthcare team is?
optimal physical mental and social being of patient
Environment?
the setting for the nurse-patient interaction
The role of the LPN/LVN has expanded over time?
NAPNES issues statement of responsibilities for practice as an LPN/LVNPlan care/revise/
(Nation Association Practice Nurse Education Service)
plan of care based on nursing diagnoses
Demonstrate a caring and empathic approach to safe care
Implement patient care under the direct supervision of registered nurse, licensed physician, or dentist
Focus on education and equipping clients to reduce and control risk factors for disease ?
Prevention Health Care
Health Literacy ?
Knowledge the client have their, own health and the ability to act on that knowledge to make decision about their own health
What level health care include programs that promote immunization,stress management, occupation health , seat belt use ?
Prevention Health Care
Emphasize health promotion and include prenatal and well-baby care, family planning , nutrition counseling and disease control ?
Primary health care
Includes the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness and injury Example include care of Hospital setting (inpatient and emergency department ,urgent care)?
Secondary Health Care
Prevention that focus on protecting client from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than good?
Quanternary Care
Acute care involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care Example include home health care,rehabilitation centers and skilled nursing facilities ?
Tertiary health Care
involve intermediate follow up care for restoring health and promoting self care. examples include home health care, rehabilitation centers and skilled nursing facilities
Restorative Health Care
Help ensure the quality and quantity of healthcare and the protection of healthcare consumers ?
Regulatory agencies
The use of current knowledge from research and other credible sources on which to base clinical judgment and client care ?
Evidence Based Practice
The use of information technology as a communication and information gathering tool that supports clinical decision-making and scientifically-based nursing practice ?
Informatics
Example of when to refer: A client requests communion or the family asks for prayer prior to the client undergoing a procedure ?
Spiritual Support Staff
A client has a low albumin level and recently had an unexplained weight loss. What interprofessional team?
Registered dietitian
A provider needs to see a clients complete blood count CBC results immediately what interprofessional team?
Laboratory technician
A client is concerned about new medications interactions with any of their other medications. What interprofessional team?
Pharmacist
Following hip arthroplasty, a client requires assistance learning to ambulate and regain strength. What interprofessional team?
Physical therapist
A client has high tempter 106 is achy and shaking and respoty feeling cold what interprofessional team?
Provider Doctor MD, Osteopath DO, Physician assistant (PA)
A client performs x-rays and other imaging procedures for providers to review for diagnosis. What interprofessional team?
Radiologic Technologist
A client who has respiratory disease is short of breath and requests a nebulizer treatment?
Respiratory Therapist
A client who has terminal cancer which is to go home but is no longer able to perform many ADLs,The clients partner needs the medical equipment in the home to care for the client what interprofessional team??
Social Worker
A client is having difficulty swallowing a regular diet after trauma to the head and neck what interprofessional team?
Speech-Language pathologist
Support and defend client health,wellness ,safety,wishes, and person right ,including privacy what basic principles of ethics is ?
Advocacy
Willingness to respect obligation and follow through on promises what basic principles of ethics is ?
Responsibility
Ability to answer for one’s own actions what basic principles of ethics is ?
accountability
Protection of privacy without diminishing access to high-quality care: what basic principles of ethics are ?
Confidentiality
The right to make one is a personal position even when those positions might not be in that person’s own best interest. What ethical principle for client care ?
Autonomy
Action that promotes good for others without any self-interest: what ethical principle for client care ?
Beneficence
Fulfillment of promises: what ethical principle for client care ?
Fidelity
Fairness in care delivery and use of resources: what ethical principle for client care ?
Justice
A commitment to not harm what ethical principle for client care ?
Nonmaleficence
A commitment to tell the truth , what ethical principle for client care ?
Veracity
Ethics committee ?
Generally address unusual or complex ethic issue
For the nurse, is the American Nurse Association Code of Ethics for nurses ?
Example of ethical guidelines
Occurs when the nurse is placed in a difficult situation where the actions taken are different from what the nurse feels ?
Moral Distress
Negligence ?
A failure of a person who has a professional training to act in reasonable and prudent manner , that prompt most malpractice suits
What are the five elements necessary to prove negligence ?
- Duty to provide care Define by standard
2.breach of duty by failure to meet standard 3.Foreseeability to harm ‘
4.Breach of duty has potential to cause harm
5.Harm occurs (look exam book2 pg16)
Imparied Coworkers ?
Impaired health care provides pose a significant risk to clienet safety
Advance Directives ?
Is to communicate a client wishes regarding end-of-life care should the clients become to do so
Living Will Defition ?
is legal document that expresses the client wishes regarding medical treatment in the event the client become incapacitated and is facing end-of-life issue
Durable power of attorney of health care ?
Client designate health care proxy To make Health Care decisions for them if they aren’t unable to do so
Providers Orders Unless provider writes “ do not resuscitate DNR or allow natural death AND then nurse go CPR no pulse or respiration that family prior DBR or AND
