Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define psychology.
Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior and thinking of organisms.
Who first established psychology as an independent and self-sufficient discipline in
1879 and attempted to specify components of consciousness?
William Wundt
Where was William Wundt’s laboratory?
Leipzig, Germany
Which American psychologist wrote a landmark textbook that emphasized the function rather than components of consciousness?
William James
Who is the famous European that emphasized early childhood experiences and whose
theory was called psychoanalytic psychology?
Sigmund Freud
Define the cognitive psychology approach.
The cognitive approach focuses on memory, thought processes, problem solving,
feelings, and other aspects of consciousness.
Define the humanistic psychology approach.
The humanistic approach emphasizes human freedom and a positive view of human
nature.
Define the biological psychology approach.
The biological approach is chiefly concerned with the nervous, endocrine, and
musculoskeletal systems.
What does the text suggest is the popular approach to psychology today?
Most modern psychologist will hold to some combination
of theories rather than just one.
List the six ways we know what we know and briefly define each one.
The six ways we know what we know are as follows: tenacity (accepting something as
true because it has always been that way), authority (taking someone’s or something’s
word on the matter), a priori beliefs (presuppositions we all begin with), reason (forming
judgments based on logic), common sense (using one’s own experience as a basis for
drawing conclusions), and the scientific method (research providing evidence for or
against certain conclusions).
How can a Christian find value in the six ways of knowing?
By using each way in it’s proper context in conjunction with the Bible and its absolute authority.
What are the research approaches used in the scientific method?
Correlation of behaviors, case studies,
and experimentation.
Name three sources of bias that can affect the outcome of research.
Subject selection, the
placebo effect, and the experimenter’s own bias.
Both psychology and the Bible provide information for what?
Daily living and how human beings can be expected to think and behave in various environments.
Conflicts between theology and psychology are due to what?
Error in Biblical interpretation, error in the scientific method, or both.
