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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who established scientific nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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2
Q

Bacteria

A
  1. prokaryotes
  2. peptidoglycan cell wall
  3. binary fission
  4. organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis
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3
Q

Archaea

A
  1. prokaryotes
  2. no peptidoglycan
  3. extreme environments
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4
Q

Fungi

A
  1. eukaryotes
  2. chitin cell wall
  3. eat organic chemicals
    molds mushrooms and yeasts
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5
Q

Who has mycelia?

A

molds and mushrooms

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6
Q

What is mycelia?

A

made of filaments called hyphae

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7
Q

Protozoa

A
  1. eukaryotes
  2. absorb/ingest organic chemicals
  3. can be motile:
    pseudopods, cilia, flagella
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8
Q

Algae

A
  1. eukaryotes
  2. cellulose cell walls
  3. use photosynthesis
  4. makes O2 and organic compound
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9
Q

Viruses

A
  1. acellular
  2. DNA or RNA core
  3. protein coat
  4. and a lipid envelope?
  5. replicate in a host
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10
Q

Multicellular animal parasites

A
  1. eukaryotes
  2. multicellular animals
  3. helminths=parasitic flatworms and round worms
  4. microscopic in life cycles
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11
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. archaea
  3. eukaryota
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12
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. protista
  3. fungi
  4. plantae
  5. animalia
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13
Q

Who found that living cells were boxes?

A

Robert Hooke

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14
Q

“Cells come from preexisting cells” - ___________

A

Rudolf Virchow

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15
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All living things are made of cells and come from cells.

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16
Q

Who made the 1st microscope?

A

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

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17
Q

Living things come from nonliving things is called ______________

A

spontaneous generation

18
Q

Living things come from living things is called __________

A

biogenesis

19
Q

What is fermentation?

A

conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine.

20
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

application of high heat for a short time?

21
Q

Ignaz Semmelweiss

A

Do hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever to prevent dead babies

22
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Chemical disinfectant to prevent infection

23
Q

Robert Koch

A

Bacterium causes anthrax

24
Q

Kochs Postulates

A

A specific microbe causes a specific disease

25
Q

Edward Jenner

A

+cowpox=protection from smallpox

26
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming. It’s a fungi that kills bacteria

27
Q

Who discovered that genes encode a cells enzyme?

A

George beadle and Edward Tatum

28
Q

Who discovered that DNA was the heredity material?

A

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty

29
Q

Who discovered that mRNA made protein

A

Francois Jacob and Jaques Monod

30
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

Bacteria degrade sewage/ detoxify pollutants like oil

31
Q

Normal microbiota

A
  1. prevent growth of pathogens
  2. make folic acid and vitamin K
  3. ward off disease
32
Q

Emerging infectious diseases

A

New diseases and diseases increasing in incidence

33
Q

West Nile

A
  1. virus

2. in Africa

34
Q

Bovine spongiform encehalopathy

A
  1. prion

2. holes in head

35
Q

e coli O57:H7

A
  1. bacteria
  2. make toxins
    • diarrhea
36
Q

Invasive group A streptococcus

A
  1. bacteria

2. +tissue damage

37
Q

Ebola

A
  1. ebola virus
  2. fever, hemorrhaging and blood clotting
  3. Africa
38
Q

Avian influenza A

A
  1. influenza A virus (H2N2)
39
Q

Savere acute respiratory syndrom

A

(SARS)

  1. virus, coronavirus
  2. person to person
40
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrom

A

(AIDS)

  1. virus
  2. STD
  3. person to person
41
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A
  1. protozoa-cryptosporidium

2. + diarrhea

Microbiology (4 decks)

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