Chapter 1

Question 1

science

Answer 1

an approach to examining the phenomena natural world independent of opinions, beliefs, and personal views.

Question 2

methodological behaviorism

Answer 2

acknowledge mentalism, but doesn’t consider it when analyzing behavior; only focuses on public events; private events cannot be studies by science.

Question 3

experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)

Answer 3

research branch founded by skinner

Question 4

replication

Answer 4

finding in an experiment should be able to be replicated and have similar results

Question 5

mentalism

Answer 5

the inner self is what causes behavior

Question 6

experiment

Answer 6

comparing the results of the dependent variable after manipulation of two or more conditions of the independent variable

Question 7

radical behaviorism

Answer 7

seeking to understand all human behavior, public and private; thoughts and feelings are behavior and can be studied by science

Question 8

pragmatism

Answer 8

assessing how useful an explanation is by looking at whether it produces useful results

Question 9

philosophic doubt

Answer 9

questioning the truthfulness and validity of a theory

Question 10

parsimony

Answer 10

simple explanations should be ruled out before accepting more complex explanations

Question 11

hypothetical construct

Answer 11

presumed but unobserved idea that could not be manipulated in an experiment

Question 12

functional relation

Answer 12

the DV relaying on an IV; cause

Question 13

functional analysis

Answer 13

(1) a functional relation between the environment and behavior; (2) a method of determining what variables maintain problem behavior

Question 14

explanatory fiction

Answer 14

an explanation that uses hypothetical constructs to explain something

Question 15

empiricism

Answer 15

objective observations

Question 16

determinism

Answer 16

the universe is an orderly place where phenomena happen because of other things that have happened.

Question 17

behaviorism

Answer 17

The philosophy of the science of behavior

Question 18

applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Answer 18

“is the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.”