Chapter 1 Flashcards
study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
anatomy
study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
physiology
structure and function are
closely related
study of large, visible structure
gross anatomy
looks at all the structures in a particular area of the body
regional anatomy
looks at just one system
system anatomy
looks at the internal structures as they relate to overlying skin
surface anatomy
deals with the structures too small to be seen by naked eye
microscopic anatomy
microscopic study of cells
cytology
microscopic study of tissues
histology
studies anatomical and physiological development throughout life; changes from fertilization to death
developmental anatomy
study of developmental changes before birth
embryology
what a structure can do directly depends on its specific form
principle of complementarity of structure and function
function always reflects ____
structure
An example of complementarity of structure and function
the various shapes of teeth reflect different actions
cellular structure and functions
cell biology
internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical interventions
imaging anatomy
structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease
pathological anatomy
functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA
molecular physiology
functional properties of nerve cells
neurophysiology
hormones and how they control body functions
endocrinology
functions of the heart and blood vessels
cardiovascular physiology
“the body’s defenses against disease-causing agents”
immunology
functions of the air passageways and lungs
respiratory physiology
functions of the kidneys
renal physiology
changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity
exercise physiology
functional changes associated with disease and aging
pathophysiology
there are __ levels of organization
6
first level: containing atoms, molecules, and organelles
chemical level
second level: single cell
cellular level
third level: group of cells with similar structure, function, and common origin
tissue level
fourth level: contains two or more types of tissues working together and performing a specific function
organ level
fifth level: contains two or more organs working together to perform a life function (11 total)
organ system level
sixth level: containing all organ systems combine to make the whole organism
organismal level
maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
the necessary life functions
