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GENERAL ZOOLOGY > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS ZOOLOGY?

A

• Greek zoon, animal + logos, to study

one of the broadest fields in all of science —- immerse variety of animals

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2
Q

Differentiate vertebrate from invertebrate.

A

Vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Invertebrate are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column. They either have a soft body, like worms and jellyfish, or a hard outer casing covering their body, like spiders and crabs.

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3
Q

Differentiate autotroph from heterotroph.

A

Autotrophs and heterotrophs are two groups of living organisms, both groups have two subcategories based on the energy source. Autotrophs are organisms that use inorganic carbon and produce their own foods. In contrast, heterotrophs are organisms that utilize organic carbon and cannot produce their own foods.

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4
Q

Differentiate prokaryotes from eukaryotes.

A

Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not. Eukaryotes store their genetic information in the nucleus. DNA is bundled in the nucleoid area of prokaryotes, but it is not kept in a membrane-bound nucleus.

-EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA

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5
Q

EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA

A

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

A

Eukaryotes; Planate are pro and eu

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7
Q

Invertebrates Classifications

A

arthropods, mollusk, worms, porifera, cnidaria, echinoderms

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8
Q

Vertebrates callsifications

A

Amphibians, Fish, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

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9
Q

Approaches To Classifying Organism: Linnaeus

A

Two kingdom system: PLANTAE AND ANIMALIA

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10
Q

Approaches To Classifying Organism: Whittaker

A 
Five kingdom system
Plantae
Monera 
Protista
Animalia
Fungi
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11
Q

Approaches To Classifying Organism:Woese

A 
Six Kingdom system
Eubacteria- pro		Archaebacteria- pro
Protista- eu
Fungi- eu
Plantae-eu and pro
Animalia- eu

— Three Domain System–
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

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12
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A 
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome 
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
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13
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A 
Capsule
Cell Wall
PLasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Pili
Nucleoid
Flagellum
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14
Q

Ichthyology

A

study of fishes

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15
Q

Herpetology

A

study of amphibians and reptiles

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16
Q

Ornithology

A

study of birds

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17
Q

Mammalogy

A

study of mammals

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18
Q

Entomology

A

study of insects

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19
Q

Helminthology

A

study of worms

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20
Q

Carcinology

A

study of crabs

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21
Q

Phycology

A

study of algae

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22
Q

Mycology

A

study of fungi

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23
Q

Myrmecology

A

study of ants

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24
Q

Primatology

A

study of primates

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25
Q

Parasitology

A

study of parasites

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26
Q

Systematics

A

tudy of the classification of organisms

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27
Q

Ecology

A

study of the interaction of organisms with their environment

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28
Q

Malacology

A

study of mollusks

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29
Q

Arachnology

A

study of arachnids (spiders, scorpions)

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30
Q

Cetology

A

study of whales, dolphins

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31
Q

Ethology

A

study of animal behavior

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32
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the structure of entire organisms and their parts

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33
Q

Cytology

A

study of the structure and function of cells

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34
Q

Histology

A

study of tissues

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35
Q

Embryology

A

study of the development of an animal from the fertilized egg to birth or hatching

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36
Q

Physiology

A

study of the function of organisms and their parts

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37
Q

Genetics

A

study of the mechanisms of transmission of traits from parents to offspring

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38
Q

Zoogeography

A

study of the distribution of animals on earth

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39
Q

Paleontology

A

study of fossils and past life

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40
Q

Evolution

A

study of the origin and differentiation of animal life

41
Q

Conservation Biology

A

the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife

42
Q

KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA

A 
CELL TYPE:
prokaryotic
NUMBER OF CELLS:
unicellular
NUTRITION:
autotrophs, heterotrophy
OTHERS:
most of bacteria that affect your life.
43
Q

KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA

A 
CELL TYPE:
prokaryotic
NUMBER OF CELLS:
unicellular
NUTRITION:
autotrophs, heterotrophy
OTHERS:
live in harsh environments such as sulfurous hot springs, very salty lake and in anaerobic environments.
44
Q

KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

A 
CELL TYPE:
eukaryotic
NUMBER OF CELLS:
multicellular
NUTRITION:
heterotrophy
OTHERS:
includes the vertebrates and invertebrates.
45
Q

KINGDOM: PLANTAE

A 
CELL TYPE:
eukaryotic
NUMBER OF CELLS:
multicellular
NUTRITION:
autotrophs
OTHERS:
includes mosses, ferns, cone bearing plants (Gymnosperms) and flowering plants (angiosperms)
46
Q

kINGDOM: PROTISTA

A 
CELL TYPE:
eukaryotic
NUMBER OF CELLS:
multicellular
NUTRITION:
autotrophs
heterotrophs
OTHERS:
includes euglena and amoebas
47
Q

KINGDOM: FUNGI

A 
CELL TYPE:
eukaryotic
NUMBER OF CELLS:
multicellular
NUTRITION:
heterotrophy
OTHERS:
molds, yeast and mushroom.
48
Q

HETEROTROPHS

A

Holozoic – eating other organisms
Herbivores – eat plants
Carnivores – eat flesh of other animals
Omnivores - eat both plants and flesh of other animals
Parasitic – feeding on living animals
Saprotrophic/Scavengers – feeding on dead and decaying organisms

49
Q

Saprotrophic/Scavengers

A

Earthworms

Fungi

50
Q

Herbivores

A

cows, elk, buffalo, goats, sheep, panda, elephant

51
Q

Carnivores

A

Lion, wolf, Hyena, leopard, cheetah

52
Q

Omnivores

A

Human, dogas, bears

53
Q

HIERARCHY OF RELATEDNESS

A

King Philip Came Over For Grandma’s Soup

KINGDOM
 PHYLUM
  CLASS
    ORDER
     FAMILY
      GENUS
        SPECIES
54
Q

Karl von Linnaeus

A

binomial nomenclature: King Phillip Came Over For Grandma’s Soup

55
Q

Rules for writing the Genus and species

A

written in their scientific terms (Latin)

Capitalize, italicized or underline it.

56
Q

BOBCAT

A 
K-ANIMALIA
P-CHORDATA
C-MAMALIA
O-CARNIVORA
F- FELIDAE
G- LYNX
SPECIES- LYNX RUFUS
57
Q

LION

A 
K-ANIMALIA
P-CHORDATA
C-MAMALIA
O-CARNIVORA
F- FELIDAE
G- PANTHERA
S- PANTHERA LEO
58
Q

SHAGGY MANE MUSHROOM

A 
K- FUNGI
P- BASIDIOMYCOTA
C- HOMOBASIDIOMYCETE
O- AGIRACLES
F- COPRICACAE
G- COPRINUS
S- COPRINUS COMATUS
59
Q

CHARACTERS OF LIFE

A 
LIFE IS ORGANIZED
LIFE REQUIRES MATERIALS AND ENERGY
LIVING ORGANISMS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS 
LIVING ORGANISMS RESPOND
LIVING ORGANISMS REPRODUCE AND DEVELOP
LIVING ORGANISMS HAVE ADAPTATIONS
60
Q

11 human organ system

A 
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
MUSCULAR
SKELETAL
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
61
Q

LIFE IS ORGANIZED

A 
ATOM
MOLECULE
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
62
Q

ATOM

A

SMALLEST UNIT OF AN ELEMENT COMPOSED OF ELECTRONS, PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

63
Q

MOLECULE

A

Union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

64
Q

CELL

A

structural functional unit of all living things

65
Q

TISSUE

A

a group of cell with common structure and function.

66
Q

ORGAN

A

composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task.

67
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM

A

composed of several organs working together

68
Q

ORGANISM

A

an individual- complex individuals contains organ system

69
Q

POPULATION

A

organism of the same species in a particular area

70
Q

COMMUNITY

A

interacting population in a particular area

71
Q

ECOSYSTEM

A

a community plus the physical environment

72
Q

BIOSPHERE

A

regions of the earths crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things.

73
Q

LIFE REQUIRES MATERIALS AND ENERGY

A

Food provides nutrients, which are used for energy

ultimate source of energy for all life on earth —– SUN

74
Q

LIVING ORGANISMS MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS

A

• Organisms are able to control their internal condition in which they can function effectively

75
Q

Homeostasis

A

ability to maintain constant or stable conditions that are necessary for survival

76
Q

Some ways homeostasis is maintained:

A

> basking in the sun (Iguana)
> Cooling off with water (Elephant)
> seeking shade (Chickens)
> huddling for warmth (penguin chicks)

77
Q

LIVING ORGANISMS RESPOND

A

> All LT respond to stimuli — IRRITABILITY (ability to react/respond to stimuli)
A stimulus is anything that causes a response/reaction
Sound, Touch, Smell, Taste, Light

78
Q

LIVING ORGANISMS REPRODUCE & DEVELOP

A

> The ability to reproduce other individuals of the same species.
May either be sexual or asexual
Involves replication of genetic materials (DNA) that are passed on to the next generation

79
Q

Warm-Blooded animals

A

regulate their own body temperature.
• they convert the food they eat into energy to stay warm
• they shiver when cold and seek shelter to increase their comfort
• when hot, they sweat or pant to cool themselves
• some animals even migrate when the seasons change to find more comfortable accommodations

80
Q

Cold- Blooded animals

A
  • cold-blooded animals do not generate their own heat but must take on the temperature of their environment
    • they may go and lay in the warm sun to heat themselves or burrow into the soil to find cooler shelter

hibernation, special blood chemicals, and crowding together to conserve heat are also ways thatdifferent cold-blooded animals can heat themselves
• cold-blooded animals tend to be more active in warm environments and slow moving in cold surroundings

81
Q

LIVING ORGANISMS HAVE ADAPTATIONS: WHAT IS ADAPTATION?

A

Adaptation – a process in which an organism becomes fitted to its environment
Inherited changes that occur over time and help the species survive

82
Q

oping with abiotic factors (e.g. cold/winter)

A

○ Migration
○ Heavy fur
○ Hibernation

83
Q

Obtaining food

A 
Long neck
 Long snout
 Web
Long & sticky tongue
4-chamber stomach (cattle, deer)
84
Q

Escaping predation

A

Running ability
Quills
Bad smell
Cryptic coloration/ Camouflage

85
Q

Finding/Attracting mates

A

Exotic plumage
Sex attractants/pheromones
Elaborate “head gear”

86
Q

ANIMAL HABITAT: RAINFOREST

A

Monkey, chimpanzee, parrot, snake, tiger, gorilla

87
Q

ANIMAL HABITAT: POLAR

A

polar bear, musk ox, seal, walrus, lemming, penguin

88
Q

ANIMAL HABITAT: WETLANDS

A

crocodile, ducks, frogs, beaver,

89
Q

ANIMAL HABITAT: DESERT

A

Dingo, meerkat, scorpion, ostrich, camel, lizard

90
Q

ANIMAL HABITAT: MARINE

A

Whale, crab, squid, turtle, octopus, dolphin

91
Q

ANIMAL HABITAT: GRASSLAND

A

rabbit, bison, zebra, lion, elephant, giraffe

92
Q

COMPARISON OF VERTEBRATES: FISH

A 
Body Covering= scales made out of bony plates
Reproduction= External
Breathing- gills
Temperature= ectothermic
Other Features= Have a swim bladder
93
Q

COMPARISON OF VERTEBRATES: AMPHIBIANS

A 
BODY COVERING= Moist Skin
REPRODUCTION= External
BREATHING= Simple Lungs (Skin)
Temperature= ectothermic
OTHER: Larval state in water, adult state on land.
94
Q

COMPARISON OF VERTEBRATES: REPTILES

A 
BODY COVERING= scales made out of keratin
REPRODUCTION= Internal (lays soft eggs) 
BREATHING= Lungs with extensive folding
Temperature= ectothermic
OTHER: simple teeth no living tissue
95
Q

COMPARISON OF VERTEBRATES: BIRDS

A 
BODY COVERING=
Feathers 
REPRODUCTION= Internal (lays hard eggs) 
BREATHING=  Lungs with bronchial tube
Temperature= endothermic
OTHER: have wings and beak no teeth
96
Q

COMPARISON OF VERTEBRATES: MAMMAL

A

BODY COVERING=
hair
REPRODUCTION= Internal live births (except monotremes)
BREATHING= Lungs with alveoli
Temperature= endothermic
OTHER: feed young with milk from the mammary gland.

97
Q

Zoology Fascinating Facts

A

There are more chickens than people in the world.
The blue whale makes the loudest sound of any other animal.
A rhinoceros horn is made of compacted hair.
Only female mosquitoes bite.
The Asian Goose flies the highest – right over the Himalaya Mountains.
There are at least 900 thousand species of insects in the world.
The cheetah can run the fastest of any animal.

98
Q

Parasitic

A

Head lice
Leeches
Mosquitoes

GENERAL ZOOLOGY (3 decks)

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