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GENERAL ZOOLOGY > ANIMAL TISSUES > Flashcards

ANIMAL TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized group of cells?

A

Tissue

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2
Q

study of tissue

A

Histology

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3
Q

4 types of tissue

A

EPITHELIAL
CONNECTIVE
MUSCLE
NERVOUS

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4
Q

CHARACTERISTICS: Limited intercellular space

A

EPITHELIAL

which means that cell are tightly packed together

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5
Q

CHARACTERISTICS: Single of multiple layers of cel

A

EPITHELIAL

consists of single or multiple layers of cell

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6
Q

CHARACTERISTICS: Has apical and basal surfaces

A

EPITHELIAL

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7
Q

CHARACTERISTICS:avascular

A

EPITHELIAL

Lack blood vessel

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8
Q

CHARACTERISTICS: Mitotic Capability

A

EPITHELIAL

divide and form new cells

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9
Q

FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

FUNCTIONS: Protection

Sensory Secretions and Absorption

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10
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE: Number of cell layers

A
  1. SIMPLE- Single

2. STRATIFIED- Multiple

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11
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE: CELL SHAPES

A

SQUAMOUS
CUBOIDAL
COLUMNAR

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12
Q

SQUAMOUS

A

thin flat

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13
Q

CUBOIDAL

A

cube-shaped

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14
Q

COLUMNAR

A

more tall than wide

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIUM: Simple

A
  1. SQUAMOUS
  2. CUBOIDAL
  3. COLUMNAR
    • NONCILIATED
    • CILIATED
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16
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIUM: Stratified

A
  1. SQUAMOUS
    - NONKERATINIZED
    - KERATINIZED
  2. CUBOIDAL
  3. COLUMNAR
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17
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIUM: Pseudostratified

A
  1. COLUMNAR
    - NONCILIATED
    - CILIATED
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18
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIUM: Transitional

A

roughly cuboidal to columnar when not stretched and squamous- like when stretched

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19
Q

DESCRIPTION: Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm: the simplest of the epithelia.

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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20
Q

FUNCTION: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important: secretes lubricating substances in serosae

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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21
Q

LOCATION: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining or heart; blood vessels and lymphatic vessel; lining of the ventral body cavity (serosae)

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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22
Q

DESCRIPTION: Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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23
Q

FUNCTION: secretion and absorption

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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24
Q

LOCATION: Kidney tubules and secretory portions of small glands and ovary surface.

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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25
Q

DESCRIPTION: Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (Goblet cells)

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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26
Q

FUNCTION: ABSORPTION: secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances: ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action.

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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27
Q

LOCATION; Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (Stomach and anala canal), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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28
Q

What are Goblet cells?

A

secrete mucin

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29
Q

WHAT IS THE CILIA/

A

For sensory and movement

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30
Q

Microvilli/ brush border

A

finger-like projections; for

absorption of nutrients

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31
Q

DESCRIPTION: single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface, nuclei seen at different levels, may contain mucus-secreting cells and bear cilia

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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32
Q

FUNCTIONS: Secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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33
Q

LOCATION: Nonciliated type in male’s sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most upper respiratory part

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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34
Q

DESCRIPTION: a thick membrane composed of several cell layers: basal cells

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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35
Q

LOCATION: non keratinized type forms the moist things of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina, urethra and anus

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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36
Q

LOCATION: Keratinized variety of forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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37
Q

DESCRIPTIONS: generally two layers of cubelike cells

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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38
Q

FUNCTION: PROTECTION

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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39
Q

LOCATION: largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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40
Q

DESCRIPTIONS: several cell layers; basal cells usually cuboidal; superficial cells elongated and columnar

A

STRATIFIED

COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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41
Q

FUNCTION: Protection; secretion

A

STRATIFIED

COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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42
Q

LOCATION: Rare inthe body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

A

STRATIFIED

COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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43
Q

DESCRIPTIONS: resemble both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamous- like, depending on degree or organ stretch

A

TRANSITIONAL

EPITHELIUM

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44
Q

LOCATION: Lines the ureters, bladder and part of the urethra

A

TRANSITIONAL

EPITHELIUM

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45
Q

FUNCTIONS: Stretched readily and permits distension of the urinary organ by contained urine.

A

TRANSITIONAL

EPITHELIUM

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46
Q

most widespread and diverse tissue

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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47
Q

the components of these tissue includes:
Cells
Protein fibers
Ground substance

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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48
Q

either solid, semi-solid and viscous

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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49
Q

Connective Tissue- cell types

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. macrophages
  3. Leukocytes (lymphocyte)
  4. plasma cells
  5. mast cells
  6. adipocytes
  7. mesenchymal cells
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50
Q

form the protein fibers

A

fibroblasts

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51
Q

fat cells

A

adipocytes

52
Q

parts of the connective tissue

A
  1. BLOOD VESSEL
  2. GROUND SUBSTANCE
  3. PROTEIN FIBERS
    • Elastic Fibers
    • Collagen Fibers
    • reticular Fibers
  4. resident Cells
    - mesenchymal cells
    - adipocytes
    - fibroblasts
53
Q

functions of the Connective Tissue

A

-Protection
-Structural support
-Connection and binding
-Storage
Transportation
-Immunity

54
Q

Connection and binding: Tendons

A

bind muscles to bone

55
Q

Connection and binding:Ligaments

A

bind bone to bone

56
Q

What do the Connective tissue store?

A

Calcium and Phosphorous

57
Q

Classification of Connective Tissues

A
  1. Connective tissue proper or Fibrous CT
  2. Supporting CT
  3. Fluid CT
58
Q

Classification of Connective Tissues: Connective tissue proper or Fibrous CT

A
  1. 1 Loose Connective Tissue
    a. areolar CT
    b. adipose CT
    c. reticular CT
  2. 2 Dense Connective Tissue
    a. regular DCT
    b. irregular DCT
    c. elastic CT
59
Q

Classification of Connective Tissues: . Supporting CT

A
  1. 1 Cartilage
    a. Hyaline
    b. Fibrocartilage
    c. Elastic
  2. 2 Bone
    a. Compact
    b. Spongy
60
Q

Classification of Connective Tissues: Fluid CT

A
  1. 1 Blood

3. 2 Lymph

61
Q

Description: fibers (Collagen, elastic, and reticular) and several kinds of cells (Fibroblast, microphages, adipocytes, and mast cells) embedded in a semi fluid ground substance

A

areolar CT

62
Q

what are the fibers inside the areolar CT

A

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

63
Q

What are the cells inside the Areolar CT?

A

Fibroblast, microphages, adipocytes, and mast cells

64
Q

LOCATION: Subcutaneous layer deep to skin; superficial part of dermis skin; mucus membrane; blood vessel; nerves, and body organs

A

areolar CT

65
Q

FUNCTION: Strength support and elasticity

A

areolar CT

66
Q

DESCRIPTIONS: Adipocytes, cells that are specialized to store triglycerides (Fats) in a large central area in their cytoplasm; nuclei and cytoplasm are peripherally located

A

Adipose CTissue

67
Q

LOCATION; Subcutaneous layer deep to skin, around heart and kidneys, yellow bone marrow of long bones, and padding around joints and behind eyeball in eye socket

A

Adipose CTissue

68
Q

FUNCTIONS; reduces heat loss through skin, serves as an energy reserve, supports, and protects

A

Adipose CT

69
Q

Parts of the Adipose Tissue

A 
Nucleus
cytoplasm
Fat Storage area of Adipocyte
Blood Vessel
Plasma Membrane
70
Q

DESCRIPTION: A network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells

A

RETICULAR CT

71
Q

LOCATION: Stroma (supporting framework) liver, spleen, lymph nodes; portion of the red bone marrow that gives rise to blood vessel, basement membrane; and around blood vessel and muscle

A

RETICULAR CT

72
Q

FUNCTION: Forms stroma organs; binds together smooth muscle tissue cells; filters and removes worn out blood cells in the spleen and microbes in lymph nodes

A

RETICULAR CT

73
Q

DESCRIPTION: Matrix looks shiny whites, consists predominantly of collagen fibers arranged in bundles: fibroblasts present in rows between bundles

A

dense regular connective Tissue

74
Q

LOCATION: Forms tendons (attach muscle to bone), most ligaments (attach bone to bone), and aponeuroses (sheet- like tendons that attach muscle to muscle or muscle to bone)

A

dense regular connective Tissue

75
Q

FUNCTION: provide strong attachment between various structures

A

dense regular connective Tissue

76
Q

DESCRIPTIONS: randomly arranged collagen fibers along with a few fibroblasts.

A

DENSE IRREGULAR CT

77
Q

LOCATION: fasciae (tissue beneath skin and around muscle and other organs), deeper part of the dermis skin. periosteum( membrane) of bone, perichondrium of cartilage, joint capsules, membrane capsules around various organs (Kidneys, livers, testes, lymph nodes) pericardium of the heart, and heart valves

A

DENSE IRREGULAR CT

78
Q

FUNCTION: Provides strength

A

DENSE IRREGULAR CT

79
Q

DESCRIPTION: Freely branching elastic fibers with fibroblasts distributed in between.

A

ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE

80
Q

LOCATION: lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries, tracheae (wind pipes0, bronchial tubes, true vocal cords, suspensory ligament of penis, and ligaments between vertebrae

A

ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE

81
Q

FUNCTION: Allows stretching of various organs

A

ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE

82
Q

STRUCTURE: collagen fibers are small and evenly dispersed in the matrix, making the matrix appear transparent, the chondrocytes are found in spaces, or lacunae, within the form but flexible matrix

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

HYALINE CARTILAGE

83
Q

FUNCTION: Allows growth of long bones, provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs, and nose, forms strong, smooth, yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces, forms the embryonic skeleton

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

HYALINE CARTILAGE

84
Q

STRUCTURE: Collagen fibers are more numerous than cartilage and are arranged in thick bundles.

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

FIBROCARTILAGE

85
Q

FUNCTION: somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure, connects structures subjected to great pressure

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

FIBROCARTILAGE

86
Q

STRUCTURE: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but matrix also contains elastin fibers

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

87
Q

FUNCTION: provides rigidity with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

88
Q

LOCATION: growing bones, cartilage rings of the respiratory system, costal cartilage of ribs, nasal cartilages, articulating surface of bones and the embryonic skeleton

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

HYALINE CARTILAGE

89
Q

LOCATION: Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis and articular discs (e.g knees and temporomandibular (Jaw joints)

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

FIBROCARTILAGE

90
Q

LOCATION: External ears, epiglottis, and auditory tubes

A

SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE: CARTILAGE

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

91
Q

DESCRIPTION: hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers osteocytes lie in lacunae. Very well vascularized

92
Q

FUNCTION: supports and protects (By enclosing) ; Provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

93
Q

percentage of blood

94
Q

other fluids and tissues

95
Q

plasma percentage in blood

96
Q

formed elements

97
Q

plasma proteins percentage

98
Q

PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD

A

ALBUMINS -57%
GLOBULINS- 38%
FIBRINOGEN- 4%
PROTHROMBIN- 1%

99
Q

PLASMA; WATER

100
Q

PLASMA; OTHER SOLUTES

101
Q

FORMED ELEMENTS

A

PLATELETS
LEUKOCYTES
ERYTHROCYTES

102
Q

PLATELETS

A

140,00- 340,000

103
Q

LEUKOCYTES

A

5000-9000

  • NEUTROPHILS
  • LYMPHOCYTES
  • MONOCYTES
  • EOSINOPHILS
  • BASOPHILS
104
Q

NEUTROPHILS

105
Q

LYMPHOCYTES

106
Q

MONOCYTES

107
Q

EOSINOPHILS

108
Q

BASOPHILS

109
Q

OTHER SOLUTES

A 
IONS
NUTRIENTS
WASTE PRODUCTS
GASSES
REGULATORY SUBSTANCES
110
Q

DESCRIPTIONS: long cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

111
Q

FUNCTION: Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

112
Q

LOCATION; ATTACHED TO BONES OR OCCASIONALLY TO SKIN

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

113
Q

DESCRIPTION: Branching, striated, generally, uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs)

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

114
Q

FUNCTION: As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

115
Q

LOCATION: the walls of the heart

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

116
Q

DESCRIPTION: Spindle-shaped (elongated) cells with central nuclei; no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

117
Q

FUNCTION: Propels substances or objects( Foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

118
Q

LOCATION: Mostly in the walls of hollow organs

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

119
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

Location: Attached to skeleton

Cross- Striations: Present

Shape of the fibers: CYLINDRICAL

NUMBER OF NUCLEI: MAny or multinucleate

POSITION OF THE NUCLEI: Peripheral

TYPE OF CONTROL: Voluntary

SPEED OF CONTRACTION: Most Rapid

120
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

Location: walls of internal organs

Cross- Striations: Absent

Shape of the fibers: Spindle shaped

NUMBER OF NUCLEI: one or uninucleate

POSITION OF THE NUCLEI: Center

TYPE OF CONTROL: InVoluntary

SPEED OF CONTRACTION: slowest

121
Q

CARDIAC

A

Location: walls of heart

Cross- Striations: present

Shape of the fibers: Branched

NUMBER OF NUCLEI: one or uninucleate

POSITION OF THE NUCLEI: Center

TYPE OF CONTROL: InVoluntary

SPEED OF CONTRACTION: Intermediate

122
Q

consists of neurons which are the cells that conduct signals, neuroglial cells (Help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons) suchs as microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

123
Q

neuroglial cells

A

help nourish , insulate , and replenish neurons

124
Q

STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL NEURONS

A 
DENDRITE
NUCLEUS
AXON TERMINAL
AXON
SCHWANN CELL
MYELIN SHEATH
NODE OF RANVIER
125
Q

DESCRIPTION; neurons are branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extend form nucleus- containing cell body; also contributing to nervous tissue are non irritable supporting cells

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

126
Q

FUNCTION; Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (Muscle and glands) which control theri activity

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

127
Q

LOCATION: Brain, Spinal cord, and nerves

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

GENERAL ZOOLOGY (3 decks)

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