Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the key linguistic features of DLD:

Answer 1

form: error in speech production, poor phonological awareness
content: delayed acquisition of first words, restricted vocab

Use: difficulty understanding complex lang. and long stretches of discourse, difficulty with coherent narrative, difficulty understanding ambig. language

Question 2

Name and describe different domains of language

Answer 2

form: syntax, morphology, phonology
content: semantic components, vocab knowledge, knowledge of objects and events
use: realm of pragmatics ability to use language for social purposes

Question 3

Which criterion would result in identifying more children with language disorder: the tenth percentile or 1 standard deviation below the mean? what other factors may be important to diagnosis

you must go beyond standard scores when diagnosing as tests may be

you must take into consideration other factors such as ?
-all of these in accordance with

Answer 3

10th percentile (1.25 SD below the mean)

-1 SD below the mean would be too broad and include false negatives

2 SD would be too narrow limiting access

culturally or linguistically biased

cultural background, play skills, overall behavior, and even pragmatics

normal developmental stages for that pertaining pop./comm.

Question 4

Are there subtypes of DLD?

Answer 4

no: biological mechanisms that give rise to particular subgroup differ from those that give rise to other types, rarely take deviations into account

Question 5

What are the key components of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health? How would you use this system in clinical practice ?

BCE

Answer 5

Biological: difference in genetic risk and neurological function
-reduced asymmetry, motor cortex anomalies

Cognitive: difference in perception and info processing
-limited capacity system, procedural learning deficit, insufficient auditory processing

environmental: external experiences, increase or decrease risk
- family history , mental education, intervention

Question 6

How do we study language in the brain: 2 common ways

Answer 6

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological measures

EXTRA NC FOR REST

Question 7

Why are twin studies important to understanding the biological basis of DLD
-helped
-refine
DLD tends to ?
twin studies capitalize on the fact that ?
identical twins resemble each other with respect to ?

Answer 7

specify genetic and environmental contributions to disorder

heritable DLD phenotype

identical (MZ) twins are genetically identical

DLD diagnosis more closely than do fraternal twins

Question 8

What are some of the differences in brain structure and function associated with DLD:

Answer 8

atypical patterns of asymmetry of language cortex
-abnormalities of white matter volume, cortical dysplasia, additional gyri in frontal or temporal regions and unusual proportions of anatomical structures implicated in language processing

Question 9

-what is powerful tool that can shape development and positively influence behavioral outcome

Answer 9

no , can be positively treated

intervention

Question 10

What environmental factors should we consider in DLD:

Answer 10

Family SES: low SES have protracted rates of language development relative to peers

maternal edu.: limited education and lower income = parental language impairments

multicultural society

Question 11

Is DLD a disorder of language or learning

Answer 11

language

Question 12

Top down processing 
-what driven 
-language processing is? using ?
-what influences how we process new input of both cognitive and linguistic processes ?
we develop? then we ?
we either ?

Answer 12

concept

• concept driven/higher level processes
• prior knowledge, concepts and expectations
• expectations of what will occur/compare features of stimuli to our expectations
• confirm or don’t confirm our expectations

Question 13

Bottom up processing:
what driven?
-the lower level auditory processes such as ? provide ?
however, these lower processes do not operate in a ?
instead they work in the ?
so prior knowledge including knowledge of language , always influences ?

Answer 13

data
-perception and discrimination/ input that is necessary to the function of higher level processes/ comprehension

vacuum

• contest of prior knowledge
• how one processes input

Question 14

what have intervention studies revealed about the role of auditory processing in DLD?
children with DLD have difficulties perceiving sounds that are?
when processing demands increase capacity for recall?
children with DLD should have a harder time processing?

Answer 14

presented rapidly, are brief, and not perceptually salient

is reduced; sentences of increasing length and complexity

Question 15

what do we mean by a multiple deficit account of DLD ?

Answer 15

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