chapter 09 Flashcards
ap world vocab
Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780–1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family.
tupac amaru II
In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the enslaved and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century
plantocracy
A privileged enslaved male whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation.
driver
An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by enslaved people newly arrived in the Americas.
seasoning
War that devastated much of southern New England in 1675 to 1676. It began as a conflict between the Wampanoag and Plymouth Colony but soon engulfed all New England colonies.
metacom’s war
In the most successful Indian uprising in American history, the Pueblo people rose against the Spanish in 1680, forcing the survivors to retreat down the Rio Grande.
pueblo revolt
An enslaved person who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway enslaved people in the West Indies and South America.
maroons
Doctrine whereby the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority without restraint by written law.
absolutism
In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all non-native peoples.
creoles
The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent.
mestizos
A grant of legal freedom to an individual enslaved person.
manumission
The last of the three shogunates of Japan.
tokugawa shogante
In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions.
bourgeoisie
The class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy.
gentry
A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable.
little ice age
The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.
deforestation
A series of rebellions against the French king by nobles and city people from 1648-1653.
fronde
Big rebellions by Russian warriors (Cossacks) against the Russian government in the 1600s and 1700s.
cossack revolts
Ways enslaved people fought against slavery, from working slowly to running away to organizing rebellions.
slave resistance
