chapter 07 Flashcards
ap world vocab
A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic
caravel
Dutch merchant vessel designed for maximum cargo space, small crews, and low production cost. Unlike other vessels at the time, fluyts could not be converted into warships.
fluyts
Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus.
arawak
Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa in the fifteenth century.
henry the navigator
Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward.
gold coast
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.
bartholomeu dias
Portuguese explorer. In 1497–1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.
vasco da gama
Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led four expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization.
christopher columbus
Portuguese-born navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519–1522 that was the first to sail around the world.
ferdinand megellan
Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru.
conquistadors
Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519–1521 for Spain.
herman cortes
Aztec emperor who died while in custody of the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés.
moctezuma
Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish
atahuallpa
Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531–1533.
franciso pizarro
French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. Following military defeat, New France was ceded to the British in 1763.
new france
(1540–1596) Privateer, naval officer, and explorer known for circumnavigating the world between 1577 and 1580, attacking Spanish galleons for their gold, and serving as second in command when the Royal Navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
sir francis drake
In 1602 the Netherlands gave the Dutch East India Company a monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean. Private investors who bought shares in the company were amply rewarded when the Dutch East India Company captured control of long-distance trade in the Indian Ocean from the Portuguese.
dutch east india company
A tool that shows direction using a magnetic needle that always points north. This helped sailors navigate across oceans.
compass
A triangle-shaped sail that let ships sail against the wind. Portuguese ships used these to travel down and back up the African coast.
lateen sail
The tools and knowledge Portugal developed for ocean travel, like better maps, compasses, and ships.
portuguese maritime technology
