Chapter 07: Ethical Decisions in Software Development Flashcards
At which of the Capability Maturity Model Integration maturity levels, are processes well defined, understood, and consistent across the organization?
Initial
Managed
Defined
Quantitatively managed
Defined
One approach to quality assurance is to test the code for a completed unit of software by actually entering test data and comparing the results with the expected results in a process known as which of the following?
dynamic testing
user acceptance testing
integration testing
static testing
dynamic testing
An airline’s online ticket-reservation system and an electronic funds transfer system that moves money among banks, are examples of which of the following?
order-processing systems
decision support systems
software development systems
quality assurance systems
order-processing systems
Software quality is defined as the degree to which a software product meets:
the needs of its users.
the standards of its competitors.
sustainability and environmental protection needs.
the minimum financial return standards.
the needs of its users.
Which of the following are defined as a set of interrelated components that include hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that collect data, process it, and disseminate the output?
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Business information systems
Data information systems
Business information systems
A complex system used in IT is a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), which is commonly used in which type of file servers?
high-volume data storage
low-volume data storage
unpredictable-volume data storage
irregular-volume data storage
high-volume data storage
An important technique used to develop ISO 9001-compliant quality systems by both evaluating reliability and determining the effects of system and equipment failures is which of the following?
DO-178B/EUROCCAE ED-128
N-version programming
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
The safety engineer uses a logging and monitoring system to track which of the following?
standards
objectives
hazards
deliverables
hazards
Which of the following is an approach to minimizing the impact of software errors by independently implementing the same set of user requirements N times, where N could be 2, 3, 4, or more?
Acceptance programming
Risk management programming
N-version programming
Avoidance programming
N-version programming
When sued for which of the following, a software supplier is not held responsible for every product defect that causes customer or third-party loss?
breach of warranty
misrepresentation
strict liability
negligence
negligence
In the context of development of safety critical systems, if an undesirable event has a ten percent probability of occurring and a potential cost of $50,000, then the risk can be calculated as which of the following?
$5000
$7000
$2500
$9500
$5000
Which family of standards serves many industries and organizations as a guide to quality products, services, and management?
ISO 7498-4
ISO 9595/DAM 1
ISO 9596
ISO 9001
ISO 9001
In the context of Capability Maturity Model Integration, process is ad hoc and chaotic; organization tends to overcommit and processes are often abandoned during times of crisis in which of the following maturity levels?
quantitatively managed
managed
defined
initial
initial
If the product fails to meet the terms of its written guarantee, the buyer or lessee can sue for which of the following?
breach of warranty
comparative negligence
contributory negligence
strict liability
breach of warranty
In an attempt to limit their liability in the event of nonperformance, software suppliers frequently write which of the following?
manuals
warnings
warranties
sureties
warranties
Process-control computers enable the process to be monitored for variations from operating standards and to eliminate product defects before they affect which of the following?
quality
delivery
testing
development
quality
Which of the following is true of strategies for engineering quality software?
High-quality software systems are tough to learn and use because they perform slowly.
Software defects never lead to injury.
Developers develop high-quality software instantaneously without a set of principles.
The first release of any software rarely meets all its users’ expectations.
The first release of any software rarely meets all its users’ expectations.
After an organization decides to adopt which of the following, it must conduct an assessment of its software development practices to determine where they fit in the capability model?
QA
software development methodology
software quality management
CMMI-DEV
CMMI-DEV
After successful unit testing, the subsystems are combined to test the entire system as a complete entity using what form of testing?
system testing
black-box testing
integration testing
static testing
integration testing
Which of the following is true of software testing?
White-box testing involves viewing the software unit as a device that has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are unknown.
Black-box testing treats the software unit as a device that has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings, unlike the unit in whitebox testing, are known.
Static testing involves software programs called static analyzers which are run against new code.
Integration testing involves independent testing that is performed by trained end users to ensure that the system operates as they expect.
Static testing involves software programs called static analyzers which are run against new code.
