Chapter 05 - Causes and Treatment of Shock Flashcards
actual fluid loss
The actual loss of blood or water from the body through a variety of etiologies.
acute myocardial infarction
Heart attack; death of the heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means “new” or “happening right now”.
anaphylactic shock
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction.
cardiogenic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.
compensated shock
The early state of shock, while the body can still compensate for blood loss.
decompensated shock
The second stage of shock in which fluid losses can be as high as 40% of total volume. In this stage, the kidneys retain water to increase the circulating volume and release a very potent vasoconstrictor called renin.
distributive shock
A category of shock that results from poor distribution of fluids in the body. This category includes neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, and psychogenic shock.
endocarditis
Inflammation involving the inside layer of the heart muscle and valves.
functional hypovolemia
Vasodilation of the vascular compartment that produces signs and symptoms mimicking actual fluid losses even though no fluid has been lost.
hemorrhagic shock
A specific form of hypovolemia that results from severe blood loss.
hypovolemic shock
Inadequate tissue perfusion caused by loss of any kind of body fluid.
hypoxemia
Low oxygen concentrations in blood cells.
irreversible shock
The final stage of shock, resulting in death.
myocarditis
Inflammation of the cardiac muscle.
neurogenic shock
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels. Seen in spinal cord injuries.
obstructive shock
Produced when there is a physical blockage of the patients circulation as seen with a massive pulmonary embolus.
psychogenic shock
A type of shock in which a patient has had a sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting, or syncope (vasovagal syncope).
pulse pressure
The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
rouleaux formation
A mechanism in which acidosis causes blood cells to become dysfunctional and misshapen, and they clog the capillary circulation by stacking up.
septic shock
A type of shock that develops secondary to massive systemic illness or infection.
shock
A condition that develops when the circulatory system is not able to deliver sufficient blood to body organs, resulting in organ failure and eventual death if untreated; also called hypoperfusion.
stroke volume
Defined as the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects with each contraction.
third spacing
The shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema.
vasogenic shock
A type of shock in which the blood vessels dilate, resulting in the container becoming larger and creating an effect of inadequate volume for the size of the container.
