Chapter 04 - Principles of Fluid Balance Flashcards
acid
Any molecule that gives up a hydrogen ion; often referred to as H+.
anion
Ions that contain an overall negative charge.
base
Any molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion; often referred to as OH+.
buffer
A substance or group of substances that controls the hydrogen levels in a solution.
cations
Ions that contain an overall positive charge.
crystalloid solutions
Solutions of dissolved crystals (for example, salts or sugars) in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution.
D5W
5% dextrose in water.
dehydration
Depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume.
disassociate
The loss of a hydrogen atom in the presence of water; acids are classified as either strong or weak, depending on how completely they disassociate in water.
electrons
Particles that carry a negative charge.
erythrocytes
Red blood cells.
formed elements
The solid components of blood found in plasma; the category included red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
homeostasis
A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment.
hyperventilation
A lowering of blood carbon dioxide levels, usually through rapid or deep breathing.
hypoxic drive
A “backup system” to control respiration.
lactated Ringers (LR) solution
A sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium lactate in water.
metabolic acidosis
A condition in which that body has accumulated too much acid.
metabolic alkalosis
A condition in which the body has accumulated too much of an alkaline substance.
nonformed elements
The sticky, liquid portion of the blood; plasma.
osmolarity
The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
overhydration
An increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume.
pH
A measure of the acidity of a solution.
protons
Particles that carry a positive charge.
Rh factor
An additional surface marker on the blood cell; the Rh factor of a persons blood can have grave consequences if incompatible factors are genetically combined.
solute
The disabled particles contained in the solvent.
solvent
The fluid that does the dissolving, or the solution that contains the dissolved components.
