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THER 130 > Chapter 01 A&K > Flashcards

Chapter 01 A&K Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology

A

study of motion or human movement

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2
Q

Anatomic Kinesiology

A

study of the human musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous system

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3
Q

Biomechanics

A

application of mechanical physics to human motion

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4
Q

Structural kinesiology

A

study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

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5
Q

Anterior

A

in front or in the front part

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6
Q

Anteroinferior

A

in front & below

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7
Q

Anterosuperior

A

in front & above

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8
Q

Anterolateral

A

in front & to the side, especially the outside

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9
Q

Anteromedial

A

in front & toward the inner side or midline

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10
Q

Anteroposterior

A

relating to both front & rear

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11
Q

Posterior

A

behind, in back, or in the rear

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12
Q

Posteroinferior

A

behind & below; in back & below

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13
Q

Posterolateral

A

behind & to one side, specifically to the outside

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14
Q

Posteromedial

A

behind & to the inner side

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15
Q

Posterosuperior

A

behind & at the upper part

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

pertaining or relating to the opposite side

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17
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

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18
Q

Inferior

A

below in relation to another structure; caudal

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19
Q

Superior

A

above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic

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20
Q

Caudal

A

below in relation to another structure; inferior

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21
Q

Cephalic

A

above in relation to another structure; higher, superior

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22
Q

Deep

A

beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

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23
Q

Superficial

A

near the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

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24
Q

Distal

A

situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin

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25
Q

Proximal

A

nearest the trunk or the point of origin

26
Q

Lateral

A

on or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane

27
Q

Medial

A

relating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plane

28
Q

Prone

A

the body lying face downward; stomach lying

29
Q

Supine

A

lying on the back; face upward position of the body

30
Q

Dorsal

A

relating to the back; posterior

31
Q

Ventral

A

relating to the belly or abdomen

32
Q

Volar

A

palm of hand or foot

33
Q

Anteroposterior or Sagittal Plane

A

divides body into equal, bilateral segments
ex. flex, extend. sit up

34
Q

Lateral or Frontal Plane

A

divides the body into (front) anterior & (back) posterior halves
ab/adduction

35
Q

Transverse or Horizontal Plane

A

divides body into (top) superior & (bottom) inferior halves when the individual is in anatomic position
Ex. Spinal rotation to left or right
Int/external rotation

36
Q

Axial

A

80 bones

37
Q

Appendicular

A

126 bones

38
Q

Skeletal Function

A
  1. Protection of vital organs
  2. Support or maintain posture
  3. Movement by serving points for attachment
  4. Mineral storage- phosphorus, calcium
  5. Hemopoiesis- blood cell formation
39
Q

Long bones

A

humerus, fibula
Composed of a long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends
shaft contains the medullary canal

40
Q

Short bones

A

carpals, tarsals
Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone

41
Q

Flat bones

A

skull, scapula
Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin

42
Q

Irregular bones

A

pelvis, ethmoid, ear ossicles
Include bones throughout entire spine & ischium, pubis, & maxilla

43
Q

Sesamoid

A

patella
Patella, 1st metatarsophalangeal

44
Q

Diaphysis

A

long cylindrical shaft

45
Q

Cortex

A

hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis

46
Q

Periosteum

A

dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

47
Q

Endosteum

A

fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex

48
Q

Medullary (marrow) cavity

A

between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow

49
Q

Epiphysis

A

ends of long bones formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone

50
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

(growth plate) thin cartilage plate separates diaphysis & epiphyses

51
Q

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

A

covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction

52
Q

Bone growth

A

Longitudinal growth continues as long as epiphyseal plates are open
Shortly after adolescence, plates disappear & close
Most close by age 18, but some may be present until 25
Growth in diameter continues throughout life

53
Q

Osteoblasts

A

cells that form new bone

54
Q

Osteoclasts

A

cells that reabsorb new or old bone

55
Q

Bone properties

A
  1. Composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, & water
    60-70% or bone weight is calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate
    25-30%- water
    Collagen provides some flexibility & strength in resisting tension
    Aging causes progressive loss of collagen & increases brittleness
56
Q

Processes that form joints

A

Condyle
Facet
Head

57
Q

Processes- elevations and projections (ligaments, muscles. tendons attach to)

A

Crest
Epicondyle
Line
Process
Spine (spinous process)
Suture
Trochanter
Tubercle
Tuberosity

58
Q

Bone markings- cavities

A

Facet
Foramen
Fossa
Fovea
Meatus
Sinus
Sulcus (groove)

59
Q

Circumduction:

A

Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone

60
Q

Diagonal abduction

A

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from midline of body

61
Q

diagonal adduction

A

Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward & across midline of body

62
Q
A

THER 130 (6 decks)

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