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THER 130 > Chapter 01 A&K > Flashcards

Chapter 01 A&K Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology

A

study of motion or human movement

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2
Q

Anatomic Kinesiology

A

study of the human musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous system

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3
Q

Biomechanics

A

application of mechanical physics to human motion

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4
Q

Structural kinesiology

A

study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

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5
Q

Anterior

A

in front or in the front part

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6
Q

Anteroinferior

A

in front & below

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7
Q

Anterosuperior

A

in front & above

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8
Q

Anterolateral

A

in front & to the side, especially the outside

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9
Q

Anteromedial

A

in front & toward the inner side or midline

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10
Q

Anteroposterior

A

relating to both front & rear

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11
Q

Posterior

A

behind, in back, or in the rear

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12
Q

Posteroinferior

A

behind & below; in back & below

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13
Q

Posterolateral

A

behind & to one side, specifically to the outside

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14
Q

Posteromedial

A

behind & to the inner side

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15
Q

Posterosuperior

A

behind & at the upper part

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

pertaining or relating to the opposite side

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17
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

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18
Q

Inferior

A

below in relation to another structure; caudal

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19
Q

Superior

A

above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic

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20
Q

Caudal

A

below in relation to another structure; inferior

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21
Q

Cephalic

A

above in relation to another structure; higher, superior

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22
Q

Deep

A

beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

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23
Q

Superficial

A

near the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue

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24
Q

Distal

A

situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin

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25
Proximal
nearest the trunk or the point of origin
26
Lateral
on or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane
27
Medial
relating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plane
28
Prone
the body lying face downward; stomach lying
29
Supine
lying on the back; face upward position of the body
30
Dorsal
relating to the back; posterior
31
Ventral
relating to the belly or abdomen
32
Volar
palm of hand or foot
33
Anteroposterior or Sagittal Plane
divides body into equal, bilateral segments ex. flex, extend. sit up
34
Lateral or Frontal Plane
divides the body into (front) anterior & (back) posterior halves ab/adduction
35
Transverse or Horizontal Plane
divides body into (top) superior & (bottom) inferior halves when the individual is in anatomic position Ex. Spinal rotation to left or right Int/external rotation
36
Axial
80 bones
37
Appendicular
126 bones
38
Skeletal Function
1. Protection of vital organs 2. Support or maintain posture 3. Movement by serving points for attachment 4. Mineral storage- phosphorus, calcium 5. Hemopoiesis- blood cell formation
39
Long bones
humerus, fibula Composed of a long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends shaft contains the medullary canal
40
Short bones
carpals, tarsals Small, cubical shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone
41
Flat bones
skull, scapula Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin
42
Irregular bones
pelvis, ethmoid, ear ossicles Include bones throughout entire spine & ischium, pubis, & maxilla
43
Sesamoid
patella Patella, 1st metatarsophalangeal
44
Diaphysis
long cylindrical shaft
45
Cortex
hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis
46
Periosteum
dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
47
Endosteum
fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex
48
Medullary (marrow) cavity
between walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow
49
Epiphysis
ends of long bones formed from cancelleous (spongy or trabecular) bone
50
Epiphyseal plate
(growth plate) thin cartilage plate separates diaphysis & epiphyses
51
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
covering the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction
52
Bone growth
Longitudinal growth continues as long as epiphyseal plates are open Shortly after adolescence, plates disappear & close Most close by age 18, but some may be present until 25 Growth in diameter continues throughout life
53
Osteoblasts
cells that form new bone
54
Osteoclasts
cells that reabsorb new or old bone
55
Bone properties
1. Composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, & water 60-70% or bone weight is calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate 25-30%- water Collagen provides some flexibility & strength in resisting tension Aging causes progressive loss of collagen & increases brittleness
56
Processes that form joints
Condyle Facet Head
57
Processes- elevations and projections (ligaments, muscles. tendons attach to)
Crest Epicondyle Line Process Spine (spinous process) Suture Trochanter Tubercle Tuberosity
58
Bone markings- cavities
Facet Foramen Fossa Fovea Meatus Sinus Sulcus (groove)
59
Circumduction:
Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone
60
Diagonal abduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from midline of body
61
diagonal adduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward & across midline of body
62

THER 130 (6 decks)

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