Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

THER 130 > 120 SECOND EXAM > Flashcards

120 SECOND EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common fracture in the elderly?

A

femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are hip fractures due to?

A

FALLS, osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

-the wearing down of articular cartilage on the surfaces
-bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

-Inflammation and destruction of the synovial lining of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteoporosis

A

thinning of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carcinomas

A

tumours/cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteosclerosis

A

blood supply to the femoral head is compromised due to fracture leading to death of the bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HIP FRACTURE

A

FEMORAL FRACTURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can result from being immobile

A

pressure sores, Pulmonary Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Femoral neck fracture

A

poor blood supply, takes longer to heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intertrochanter

A

in-between the lesser and greater trochanter, heals better, more blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of how to prevent falls

A
  • Balance
  • Clutter
  • Good lighting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surgically fixated hip replacements

A

-pins, nails, rods, into the femur- “hip-pinning”
-Open reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Hemiarthroplasty-
A

partial hip replacement-
acetabulum still intact, only femoral head replaced with a prosthesis, a faster surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Resurfacing-
A

Birmingham method- femoral head is resurfaced- metal cap placed over it- younger patients, short recovery time, fewer complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Replacement-
A

total hip replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

THR

A

End of femur resected- the ball is removed
Acetabulum reamed to fit prosthesis
Metal or ceramic prosthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RISKS OF THR

A
  • Blood clots
  • Difference in leg length
  • Infections (UTI’s) or difficulty urinating
  • Stiffness
  • Dislocation of hip
  • Infection of joint
  • Can require re-operation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

STEM OF PROSTHESIS
Can be:

A

Cemented or uncemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cemented

A

using crutches or walker a person can out some weight on the leg immediately, but continue to use support for the following weeks
-older clients usually have cemented to expedite mobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uncemented

A
  • The surgeon will give specific info about weight bearing
  • Can’t take as much weight as a cemented prosthesis
  • New bone takes 6-12 weeks to grow in
  • Younger clients are better candidates
  • Tend to be stronger in the long run
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HIP REPLACEMENT COMPLETE

A
  • New hip is put together, muscles and skin are sewn or stapled
  • The surgeon tests the hip for stability
  • Takes a couple hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

POST SURGERY:

A

Deep breathing and coughing exercises
Must keep pillow b/w legs in bed- 12 weeks
Will sit and stand asap
Begin ankle pumps and thigh and buttock isometrics asap
Must be able to do ADLs safely
Must be able to mobilize independently
Isometric-holding muscle w/o moving joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

NWB

A

Non weight bearing- (0%) Walker or crutches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

TTWB

A

Toe touch weight bearing 10%) Walker or crutches

28
Q

PWB

A

Partial weight bearing (30-50%) Walker or crutches

29
Q

FWB

A

Full weight bearing 100% cane or no device

30
Q

WBAT

A

Weight-bearing as tolerated (guided by pain tolerance) Walker, crutch, cane.

31
Q

HIP PRECAUTIONS

A
  • No flexion past 90 degrees
  • Don’t internally/externally rotate hip
  • Don’t adduct hip/leg past midline
  • Don’t twist excessively at the waist
32
Q

DO NOT COMBINE

A

hip flexion, internal rotation, and adduction of the operated leg

33
Q

PRECAUTIONS IN LYING

A
  • Keep a pillow in between legs- do not adduct hip/leg past midline
  • Do not rotate hip: keep toes pointed up
  • Do not lie on the operated side
  • Sleeping- on back with legs slightly apart
34
Q

DISLOCATED HIP

A
  • Not following precautions may lead to hip dislocation
  • The prosthetic femoral head “pops” out of the acetabulum
  • The joint is less stable because after surgery muscles and tendons are stretched and weakened
35
Q

SIGNS OF DISLOCATION:

A
  • Sudden pain
  • Shortened leg
  • Needs to be popped back in under anesthetic, casting, bracing for several weeks
  • May require revision surgery- more complex
36
Q

PRECAUTIONS IN SITTING:

A

No low chairs
Try to only sit in chairs that have arms
Do not cross legs
Affected leg out front
Get up and move around on a regular basis at least once an hour

37
Q

Assistive devices:

A

Reacher
Shoe horn
Sock aide
Leg lifter
Firm cushion
Good shoes-slip on
Raised toilet seat
Long handled bath sponge
Walker, crutches, cane

38
Q

Up stairs

A

The unaffected leg goes up first
Then unaffected
Then cane/walker

39
Q

Down stairs

A

Operated leg down first
Use railing

40
Q

DRIVING:

A

6 weeks
Need permission from surgeon
Avoid low bucket seats or trying to climb in the back of a two-door vehicle
Recline seat
A plastic garbage to pivot

41
Q

RETURN TO WORK

A

Depending on the type of work 3-6 months

42
Q

LONG TERM

A

For at least 12 weeks post-op, avoid:
- Excessive bending
- Lifting or pushing several objects
- Sitting on low surface
- Activities that require quick stops, twisting and high impact loads
- Continue post-op exercises
- Continue to use assistive devices

43
Q

Recommended:

A

¡ Walking
¡ Swimming
¡ Golf
¡ Low impact aerobics
¡ Gentle yoga

44
Q

With CAUTION:

A

¡ Vigorous walking/hiking/jogging
¡ Skiing
¡ Repetitive lifting

45
Q

DISCOURAGED:

A

¡ Tennis
¡ Skating
¡ Contact sports
¡ High impact sports (basketball, volleyball)
¡ Jumping (skipping rope, trampoline

46
Q

Hip should last

A

15-20 yrs

47
Q

Why are slings used?

A

Used in rehabilitation for various conditions
Fractures
Neurological conditions
Stroke=controversial

48
Q

PRO’s of sling use

A

Protects UE from injury during transfers
May prevent tissue stretching
Prevents prolonged dangling of extremity
May relieve pressure on brachial plexus and artery
Supports weight of arm

49
Q

CONS

A
  • May contribute to unilateral neglect
  • May contribute to learned non-use
  • May initiate shoulder hand syndrome
  • May approximate head od humerus to maligned scapula
  • Prevents reciprocal arm swinging during gait
  • Prevents arm function
  • Blocks sensory input
  • Prevents balance reactions of the UE
  • Places no motor demands on the UE- contributes to learned non-use of arm
50
Q

Orthosis

A

A device to support, position or immobilize a body part

51
Q

Prosthesis

A

An artificial substitute, often mechanical or electrical used to replace a missing body part

52
Q

Causes of amputations

A
  1. Arteriosclerotic Disease
  2. Diabetes (Peripheral Neuropathy)
  3. Trauma
  4. Congenital abnormalities
  5. Tumours
  6. Infections
  7. Frostbite
  8. Necrotizing Fasciitis
53
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

disease of the peripheral nerves
- Frequently in people who smoke, and have difficulty controlling their blood sugar levels
- About half people with diabetes develop PN
- Manifestation of many conditions
- Sensory nerves damaged= sensation may be diminished, lacking or abnormal
- Damaged motor nerves impair movement or function

54
Q

Foot amputation

A

most commonly toe amputation due to frostbite

55
Q

BKA

A

an amputation above the ankle but below the knee. Can be difficult for amputees to put weight on the wound

56
Q

AKA

A

above knee amputation: An amputation in the thigh

57
Q

Hip disarticualtion

A

leg and part of pelvis removed

58
Q

TRansmetacarpal

A

through the metacarpals- loss of gripping ability

59
Q

wrist disarticulation

A

removal of the hand

60
Q

BE

A

Below elbow

61
Q

elbow disarticulation

A

removal of the arm above the elbow

62
Q

shoulder disarticulation

A

removal of the entire arm

63
Q

Neuroma

A

tangle of nerve endings

64
Q

Complication of amputation

A
  • Neuromas
  • Phantom sensation
  • More traumatic amputation is—more sensation
  • Pain gets mapped in the brain
  • Weakness
  • Skin breakdown
65
Q

Mechanical prosthesis

A

utilizes body power with a harness to operate the hook or terminal device.

66
Q

Myoelectric prosthesis

A
  • Is controlled myoelectric signals from the muscles

THER 130 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions