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MFT Exam Prep > Chapt 3- Transgenerational models > Flashcards

Chapt 3- Transgenerational models Flashcards

1
Q

How long does treatment typically last in a transgenerational model?

A

approx 2 years

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2
Q

How does a transgenerational model differ from psychoanalytic model?

A
  1. do not subscribe to a linear model of causality
  2. problems are viewed as being maintained in ongoing patterns that span generations
  3. view individuals across generations, rather than an individual
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3
Q

Who were the practitioners of transgenerational models of family therapy?

A

Bowen, Philip Guerin, Betty Carter, McGoldrick, Nagy, James Framo, Scharff & Scharff, Dicks, Fairbairn

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4
Q

Bowen studied relationships between who and who?

A

schizophrenic patients and their mothers

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5
Q

What did Bowen conclude when observing non-symptomatic families and families diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

concluded that functional and dysfunctional families fall along a continuum from emotional fusion to differentiation, rather than forming discrete categories

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6
Q

What do high levels of differentiation people have?

A

able to react to the world rationally and enter into relationships while balancing competing needs for belonging and individuality

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7
Q

What do low levels of differentiation look like?

A

people who are ruled by their emotions- lives center around acceptance and being loved

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8
Q

What does a solid self look like?

A

more differentiated an dis able to function based upon a personally defined set of values, beliefs, convictions, and life principles

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9
Q

What does pseudo self mean?

A

not differentiated, may be fused with another person; does not reason with his/her own internal values, but instead borrows the values of the person with; makes commonly emotional reactive choices

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10
Q

What is a triangle, as Bowen would describe it?

A

is the smallest stable unit in a family system

  • form out of the anxiety within the family -of the 2 person system- one way to stabalize is to bring in a 3rd party
  • the person who experiences the most anxiety, will bring in a third party/stabalizing the relationship
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11
Q

When individuals are undifferientiated they also tend to cut themselves off emotionally, or even geographically from their families of origin- what term is this as Bowen would describe?

A

undifferentiated ego mass

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12
Q

Groups of people who have interdependent emotional bonds behave in much the same way as biological systems- what term?

A

emotional systems

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13
Q

When undifferentiated parents transmit their immaturity, or lack of differentiation to the children is what type of process by Bowen?

A

Family projection process

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14
Q

Bowen’s notion that all generations are part of a continuous natural process with each generation pressing up against the next. “past on from generation to generation”

A

multigenerational transmission process

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15
Q

What happens within multigenerational transmission process -what is the notion?

A

That each subsequent generation tends to move towards a lower level of differentiation if unresolved emotional attachments and fusion are present.

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16
Q

What were the 6 interrelated concepts of Bowen’s theory of differentiation ?

A

Differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional process, family projection process, multigenerational transmission process, and sibling position

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17
Q

Does Bowen’s model require the whole family to be present in treatment? What does it require?

A

NO; that the entire family gain an understanding of how the entire system operates across multiple generations
-“understanding not action is the vehicle of cure..”

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18
Q

What were Bowen’s treatment/ assessments ?

A

Genogram, differentiation of self assessment, emotional cut-off assessment, person to person relationships, coaching, “I position”

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19
Q

What does it mean if someone had an emotional cut off in their genogram?

A

could suggest an undifferentiated, fused self.

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20
Q

What tool did Bowen use to help decrease the level of emotional reactivity and anxiety in the sessions and increase understanding?

A

Process questions

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21
Q

What do person to person interactions indicate?

A

differentiated relationships

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22
Q

How does a therapist coach to help a client form a better differentiation of self?

A

doesn’t use solution focused or resolutions; therapist DOES teaches about family process and coaches them in their efforts to change

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23
Q

What does an “I position” do?

A

creates responsibility of the family members roles, helps them make statements about their own thoughts and feelings, instead of blaming others.

24
Q

What is the goal of treatment for Bowen theory?

A

to help one or more family members towards a higher level of differentiation

25
Q

How does Bowen help a couple?

A

helps clients de-triangulate themselves from family relationships by forming a new triangle with the two primary members (the couple); also, lowers the reactivity between the couple and works toward differentiation of each partner from his/her own family of origin.

26
Q

How does Bowen help a family?

A

the therapist and family members examine the patterns in the family history; teaches family about systems and helps them understand their roles in the family process;; helps observe the patterns and emotional reactiions in their families; coaches to frequently visit family or contact- observe, postulate, report back, modify their behavior, and observe some more.

27
Q

How does Bowen help an individual?

A

-helps the client understand his/her part

28
Q

What is the role of the therapist for Bowen therapy?

A
  • controls the emotional tone in the session
  • directs the flow of information toward him/her preventing reactive exchanges between the couple
  • maintains a de-triangulated stance with the couple
  • establishes a differentiated I position
  • teaches them how emotional systems operate
  • initiates the work of differentiation from their respective families of origin
29
Q

type of therapy that uses psychoanalytic principles and post-freudian object relations theories to work with families
-use listening, responding to unconscious material, interpreting, and working with transference and countertransference material

A

Object relations/psychoanalytic family therapy

30
Q

How is the family viewed in object relations therapy?

A

not viewed as a group of individuals but rather, a system made up of sets of relationships that function in ways unique to the family

31
Q

What is the general goal of object relations therapy?

A

insight and working through

  • help the family move through its developmental phases NOT directed toward symptom relief
  • open ended/open system
  • DOES NOT focus on the intrapsychic experience
  • draws from Bowlby’s attachment theory
32
Q

term: characterized by need, excitement and longing

unconscious

A

libidinal system

33
Q

term: characterized by aggression, rage, and contempt

unconscious

A

antilibidinal system

34
Q

term: free to deal with future experiences with attachment figures in more reasonable ways

A

central ego

35
Q

term: a neutral object freed from exciting and rejecting aspects

A

ideal object

36
Q

What type of treatment is used in object relations therapy?

A

play therapy techniques

-insight, working through, transference, interpretation

37
Q

term: process of clients gaining an understanding of the underlying issues that affect their relatinships

A

insight

38
Q

term: processes of translating those insights into new and more productive ways of behaving and interacting

A

working through

39
Q

term: is a psychoanalytic concept that describes the client’s unconscious tendency to assign to other family members and to the therapist unresolved drives, attitudes, feelings, and fantasies from previous parental relationships and reenact in therapy

A

transference

40
Q

What is the goal of interpretation?

A

to help make the unconscious material available to the family for conscious understanding or insight

41
Q

Families learn and change most when interpretations are linked to material expressed with what?

A

affect

42
Q

term: the therapist’s unconscious emotional reactions to the client or family, which derive from the therapist’s own history

A

countertransference

43
Q

Who combined intergenerational and object relations approaches to family therapy?

A

James Framo

44
Q

Ronald Fairbairn differed from Freudian analytic thinking in stating what about relationships?
-i.e- how we form them

A

people form relationships because of a fundamental need to seek relationships; rather than simply to gratify their own instinctual drives

45
Q

What is the idea/approach of James Framo’s therapy?

A
  • works with not only the client, couple- but ultimately with the family of origin
  • helps the client uncover unconscious motives and correct distorted perceptions based on early experiences with the family that have continued to interfere with intimate relationships
  • working the the family in session, takes the client back to their source/distortions
  • deals with immediate confrontation of their distortions
46
Q

What is Framo’s idea about individuals and their parents? -normal development?

A

-human need for acceptance and approval from the parent’s is so strong, that the child will sacrifice his/her own ego identity to maintain the relationship

47
Q

term: through repeated interactions - individuals will unconsciously internalize representations of their parents or caretakers ; distortions based on the subjective experiences and perceptions of the person
- Framo term

A

objects

48
Q

term: internalized object; is usually experienced as being either good or bad

A

introject

49
Q

What 3 ways, according to Framo, can an external object be experienced?

A

ideal object, rejecting object, exciting object

50
Q

term: conscious, adaptable, satisfied with its ideal object

A

central ego

51
Q

term: unconscious, inflexible, frustrated by its rejecting object

A

rejecting ego

52
Q

term: unconscious, inflexible, in a state of longing for tempting but unsatisfying object

A

exciting ego

53
Q

term example: caretakers behaviors are driven by distorted introjects from their own pasts; the disowned parts of their personalities and unconsciously projected on to their child; child is desperate to save the relationship and takes on those disowned parts and exhibitis behaviors consistent with the projections
What term?

A

projective identification

54
Q

What does assessment and treatment look like for James Framo’s therapy?

A
  • clients are helped to uncover and understand the nature of their current behaviors and struggles as they relate to their family of origin
  • he valued bringing the family of origin in to the session- slowly and systemically
  • treatment: begins by eliciting information about the systems present situation and presenting problems by obtaining a brief sketch of family of origin- later down the road, he would slowly imply bringing in their families at some point in treatment
  • insight and working through
  • typically 2 -2 hour sessions over the weekend when primary families are brought in/ mates are not with the individuals primary family to reject any “couple problems” the families may bring up
55
Q

Framo categorized 4 typical adult children relationship to their families of origin. What were they?

A

over involved- no social life other than their family

  • superficially involved- with visits home occurring out of duty rather than a desire
  • uninvolved or cut off- free from the influences of their families
  • appropriately involved-having affectionate, personal, adult relationships with their parents, but not out of the expense of attention to their own mates or children
56
Q

How does Framo treat couples?

A

prefers to see the marital couple even if their presenting problem is children; each partner is to invite members of his/her family of origin in to treatment & early in to therapy

  • finds it useful for the couple to be in group couples therapy
  • dirty middle is a leverage point for treament- bringing in families at this point
  • co-therapists can be used
57
Q

term: couples reach an impasse; have gained insight about the nature of their problems and the irrationality of their demands on one another but still have irreconcilable differences as to what each want out of the partner..
Framo term

A

dirty middle

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