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Microbiology > Chapt 22 Anaerobes > Flashcards

Chapt 22 Anaerobes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Exogenous

A

Originating outside of an organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor

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0
Q

Facultative anaerobe

A

Does not require O2 for growth but will use O2 & grow better if it is present

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1
Q

Endogenous

A

Originating from within an organism

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2
Q

Obligate anaerobe

A

Can live & reproduce only in a strict anaerobic environment (0% O2)

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3
Q

Microaerophilic

A

Require environments containing concentrations of O2 lower than present in atmosphere (abt 20%)

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4
Q

Capnophilic

A

Require an increased concentration of CO2 usually between 5 & 10%

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5
Q

Fusiform

A

Spindle-shaped or tapered at each end

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6
Q

Aerotolerance testing

A

Test used to determine whether an isolate is a strict anaerobe or a facultative anaerobe

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7
Q

BBE agar

A

Selective/Differential agar to isolate & ID Bacteroides fragilis
Inhibitors: Gentamycin & bile salts
Indicators: Esculin hydrolyzed to esculetin (black)
Form black-brown colonies

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8
Q

CDC-ANA agar

A

Enriched media for isolation of obligate gram (-) & gram(+) anaerobes
Nutrients: 5% sheep blood, vitamin K&B, yeast extract
Incubated anaerobically

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9
Q

CDC-KVLB agar

A

Selective isolation of anaerobes Bacteroides & Prevotella
Nutrients: 5% sheep blood
Inhibitors: Kanamycin & Vancomycin
Kanamycin inhibits most facultative gram (-) rods (enterics) Vancomycin inhibits most gram (+) “laked”=hemolyzed
Incubated anaerobically

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10
Q

CDC-PEA agar

A

Selective media for isolation of obligate anaerobes
Nutrients: 5% sheep blood
Inhibitors: Phenylethanol inhibits most facultative gram (-) rods
Incubated anaerobically

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11
Q

Thioglycolate broth

A

Enriched broth used to support growth for most bacteria, including anaerobes & microaerophils, routinely used for wound & sterile body fluid cultures
Nutrients: Casein, soy broth, & glucose
Inhibitors: Thioglycolate, cystine, & sodium sulfite reduce O2
Boil to expel dissolved O2, cool/hold at room temp before use, obligate anaerobes grow only at bottom

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12
Q

Anaerobic chamber

A

Incubation system that provides an O2 free environment for inoculating media & incubating cultures

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13
Q

Chopped Meat broth

A

Enriched broth useful for the growth of obligative anaerobes
Nutrients: Glucose, heme, vitamin K, yeast extract, tissue proteins
Supports growth of fastidious obligative anaerobes, especially Clostridium

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14
Q

Tetanus

A

Disease that acts on the central nervous system & is characterized by muscular contractions

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15
Q

Botulism

A

Serious form of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of preformed botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum

16
Q

Anaerobic cultures must be incubated for atleast?

A

24 hrs @ 35 degrees C

17
Q

If O2 is absent indicator strip will turn?

A

White

18
Q

If O2 is present indicator strip will turn?

A

Blue

19
Q

Not appropriate to perform anaerobic cultures from which sites?

A

Skin, oral cavity, upper respiratory tract (throat, sputum), GI tract, genital tract, urine, & stool… because they are expected to be there

20
Q

Good source for anaerobic cultures?

A

Deep wounds, normally sterile body fluids, abscesses, surgical procedures, invasive deep pulmonary procedures, & blood cultures

21
Q

ID of obligate anaerobes: Level I

A

Isolation, morphology & aerotolerance testing

22
Q

ID of obligate anaerobes: Level II

A

Antibiotic susceptibility disks & simple spot tests

23
Q

ID of obligate anaerobes: Level III

A

Comprehensive biochemical testing

24
Q

Bacteroides fragilis (group)

A

Most common obligative anaerobe, most biota in guts, Gram(-) rods, large non-pigmented colonies, most are beta-lactamase (+) (multiple resistance) “below the waist” infections, blackening of agar around colonies on BBE agar (others are inhibited) Colistin (R) Kanamycin (R) Vancomycin (R)

25
Q

Fusobacterium

A

Thin, gram(-) rods, pointed, tapered ends, common “above the waist” pathogen (head/neck wounds) Colistin (S) Kanamycin (S) Vancomycin (R) will grow better on BBE agar, but no darkening of agar, usually susceptible to other antibiotics

26
Q

Prevotella

A

Gram(-) rods/coccobacilli, pigemented (brown-black) & nonpigmented colonies, fluorescent under UV light, will NOT grow on BBE agar, associated with oro-facial infections, Colistin (V) Kanamycin (R) Vancomycin (R)

27
Q

Porphyromonas

A

Gram(-) rods, pigmented (brown/tan) colonies, associated with dental infections & periodontal disease, Colistin (R) Kanamycin (R) Vancomycin (S)

28
Q

Veillonella

A

Gram(-) cocci (like Neisseria, but obligate anaerobe)

29
Q

Peptostreptococcus

A

Gram(+) cocci (tetrads/short chains) slow growers, most common gram(+) anaerobe Colistin (R) Kanamycin (V) Vancomycin (S)

30
Q

Propionibacterium

A

Gram(+) rods/”diptheroid” shaped, most frequent anaerobic gram(+) bacillus, small white-yellow colonies, P. acnes associated with acne, Colistin (R) Kanamycin (S) Vancomycin (S)

31
Q

Actinomyces

A

Filamentous, diptheroid, gram(+) rod, deep infections, sulfur granule formation & purulent discharge, associated with oral infections following dental procedures Colistin (R) Kanamycin ( ) Vancomycin (S)

32
Q

Bifidobacterium dentium

A

Gram(+) diptheroid, periodontal infections Colistin (R) Kanamycin ( ) Vancomycin (S)

33
Q

Eubacterium lentum

A

Gram(+) diptheroids Colistin (R) Kanamycin (S) Vancomycin (S)

34
Q

Clostridium

A

Large, thick gram(+) rods, spore formers, common in soil, dust, water, & GI tract

35
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

“Boxcar” gram(+) rods (chains), subterminal spores observed from direct clinical specimens, double zone of beta-hemolysis on blood agars, Lecithinase(+) on Egg Yolk agar, Reverse CAMP(+) most frequent Clostridium isolate: deep wounds (gas gangrene), small bowel necrosis, food poisoning

36
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Large, pleomorphic gram(+) rods, “club shaped” sub-terminal spores, Classic food poisoning from ingestion of preformed toxin in improperly prepared canned foods (flaccid paralysis), infants=no raw honey

37
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Gram(+) rods, terminal spores “drum stick” or “tennis racket” shapes, difficult to culture in vitro, associated with deep wound infections & the production of toxin mediated rigid paralysis

38
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Gram(+) rods, sub-terminal spores, Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD), antibiotics disrupt GI tract biota, treatment: discontinue antibiotic (new antibiotic Fidaxomicin) serological detected from toxins from stool specimens

Microbiology (6 decks)

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