Chapt 15: Eyes Flashcards
What three cranial nerves stimulate the eyes for EOM?
- Abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle (which abducts the eye);
- Trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle;
- Oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates all the rest the superior, inferior, and medial rectus
and the inferior oblique muscles.
What is pupillary light reflex?
the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina
What nerves affect pupillary light reflex?
sensory afferent link is CN II (the optic nerve), and the motor efferent path is CN III (the oculomotor nerve).
What is direct light reflex?
constriction of that pupil
What is consensual light reflex?
simultaneous constriction of the other pupil opposite of the one with light being shined into it.
What is fixation?
reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting our attention.
What is accommodation?
adaptation of the eye for near vision.
What is presbyopia?
Degenerative changes in the eye due to aging.
What are cataracts?
clouding of the crystalline lens.
What is glaucoma?
optic nerve neuropathy characterized by loss of peripheral vision, caused by
increased intraocular pressure.
What is Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits (drusen) and neovascularity in the macula.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
- leading cause of blindness in adults 25 to 74 years of age.
- vision impairment results in difficulty driving, reading, managing diabetes treatment, and
other self-care
What is Photophobia?
inability to tolerate light.
What is diplopia?
the perception of two images of a single object.
What measures visual acuity?
Snellen alphabet chart
