Chapt 12: Nutrition Assessment

Question 1

What is optimal nutrition status?

Answer 1

achieved when sufficient nutrients are consumed to support day-today body needs and any increased metabolic demands caused by growth, pregnancy, or illness

Question 2

What is under nutrition? Who is at risk?

Answer 2

occurs when nutritional reserves are depleted and/or when nutrient intake is inadequate to meet day-to-day needs or added metabolic demands.

Vulnerable groups (i.e., infants, children, pregnant women, recent immigrants, people with low incomes, hospitalized people, and aging adults) are at risk for impaired growth and development, lowered resistance to infection and disease, delayed wound healing, longer hospital stays, and higher health care costs.

Question 3

What is overnutrition? What are some long term effects?

Answer 3

caused by the consumption of nutrients, especially calories, sodium, and fat, in excess of body needs.

A major nutritional problem today, overnutrition can lead to obesity and is a risk factor for many diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, gallstones, and gastroesophageal reflux

Question 4

What is a comprehensive nutritional assessment?

Answer 4

includes dietary history and clinical information, physical examination for clinical signs,
anthropometric measures, and laboratory tests.

Question 5

What is the easiest and most popular method for obtaining information about dietary intake?

Answer 5

24-hour recall.

Question 6

What are food diaries?

Answer 6

records ask the individual or family member to write down everything consumed
for a certain period. Three days (i.e., two weekdays and one weekend day) are customarily used.

A food diary is most complete and accurate if you teach the individual to record information immediately after eating.

Question 7

What is obesity?

Answer 7

caused by caloric excess refers to weight more than 20% above ideal body weight or body mass index (BMI) of 30.0-39.9.

Question 8

What is Marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition)?

Answer 8

caused by inadequate intake of protein and calories or prolonged starvation.

Question 9

What is Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition)?

Answer 9

caused by diets high in calories but little or no protein (e.g., low protein liquid diets, fad diets, and long-term use of dextrose-containing intravenous fluids).

Question 10

What is Scorbutic Gums?

Answer 10

Deficiency of vitamin C. Gums are swollen, ulcerated, and bleeding because of vitamin
C–induced defects in oral epithelial basement membrane and periodontal collagen fiber
synthesis.