Chapt 1- Science of Psyc Flashcards
Foundations of Psyc
Philosophy roots-> Experimental Psyc-> Structuralism-> Functionalism->Gestalt
Dualism
by Descartes- mind/body separate, but intertwined
Introspection
by Wundt- systematic examination of subjective experience ex: chewing candy
John Stuart Mill
“A System of Logic,” prompted
philosophy–>science movement
Structuralism
conscious experience can be broken into parts
- largely due to Edward Tischner
- assisted by Margaret Washburn
William James
Functionalism -look at whole process/product, NOT in parts, mind develops via evolution
- ‘stream of consciousness’ can’t be paused
- against structuralism
- assisted by Mary Calkins
Gestalt
Also response to structuralism
- parts not equal whole
- perception also too subjective
More Contemporary Foundations
Freud->Behaviorism->Cognitive->Social
Freud
- theories of subconscious BUT not testable= not accepted td
- free association: letting patient rant about w/e
- psychoanalysis: patient+ Dr. work together to bring unconscious to conscious
Watson and Skinner
pushed Behaviorism
Behaviorism
- emphasis on observable environmental effects & outcomes on behavior
- behavior repeated through consequences
ex: rats hit button for food
Cognitive Psychology
- said Behaviorism was too simplistic\
- way ppl think about things effects behavior
- emphasis on mental functions; not all observable, connections occur inside mind
- like pc’s brain=hardware mind=software
information processes theory
pc’s change way we think!
- brain=hardware mind=software
Cognitive neuroscience
studies neural chemicals that cause thought, memory, etc
Social
- power of situation/ interacting w/others
- came around WW2 to explain why people follow orders no matter what
