chap4, form 5

Question 1

definition of polymer

Answer 1

A long chain of molecules consisting of monomers.

Question 2

2 source of polymer

Answer 2

natural polymer

synthetic polymer

Question 3

5 example of natural polymer

Answer 3

starch, carbohydrate, protein, fats, natural rubber

Question 4

4 example of synthetic polymer

Answer 4

terylene, polystyrene, polyethene, nylon

Question 5

monomer of starch

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

monomer of protein

Answer 6

amino acid

Question 7

monomer of fats

Answer 7

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 8

monomer of natural rubber

Answer 8

isoprene

Question 9

what are 3 types of polymer

Answer 9

thermoplastic
thermosetting
elastomer

Question 10

definition of thermoplastic polymer

Answer 10

Can be repeatedly remoulded by heating, and recycled

Question 11

definition of thermosetting polymer

Answer 11

Cannot be remoulded after heating

Question 12

definition of elastomer polymer

Answer 12

Can be stretched, return to original shape (elastic)

Question 13

properties of thermoplastic polymer

Answer 13

When heated: melt

When cooled: solidify

Question 14

properties of thermosetting polymer

Answer 14

Disintegrate or burn when heated, x recyclable

Question 15

properties of elastomer polymer

Answer 15

Has high elasticity properties

Question 16

3 example of thermoplastic polymer

Answer 16

Polyethene, PVC, nylon

Question 17

2 example of thermoplastic polymer

Answer 17

Melamine, bakelite

Question 18

example of elastomer polymer

Answer 18

Polyurethane, (SBR) Styrene-butadiene rubber

Question 19

what are the 2 types of polymerisation reaction?

Answer 19

addition polymerisation

condensation polymerisation

Question 20

definition of addition polymerisation?

Answer 20

add or break double bonding

Question 21

addition polymerisation produces polymer ending with ___

Answer 21

-ene

Question 22

characteristic of polyethene

Answer 22

durable & strong

Question 23

use of polyethene

Answer 23

plastic bags, bottle, packaging

Question 24

characteristic of polypropene

Answer 24

durable

Question 25

use of polypropene

Answer 25

toys, textile, medical & laboratory apparatus

Question 26

characteristic of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Answer 26

strong & hard

Question 27

use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Answer 27

Water pipes and electrical insulators

Question 28

characteristic of polystyrene

Answer 28

light & heat insulator

Question 29

use of polystyrene

Answer 29

heat insulator, food packaging

Question 30

how many types of condensation polymerisation are there?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

what are the 2 types of condensation polymerisation are there?

Answer 31

form terylene | form nylon

Question 32

condensation polymerisation forms what products?

Answer 32

polymer + water/hydrogen chloride

Question 33

in formation of terylene, what happens to ethanol & carboxylic acid and how is water formed as a byproduct

Answer 33

ethanol loses one H atom carboxylic acid loses hydroxyl the H and OH combine to form H2O

Question 34

in formation of terylene, what kind of bond is formed?

Answer 34

ester bond

Question 35

in formation of nylon, what happens to amine & carboxylic acid and what is formed as a byproduct?

Answer 35

amine loses one H atom carboxylic acid loses one Cl atom H and Cl combine to form HCl

Question 36

in formation of nylon, what bonding is formed?

Answer 36

a dipeptide/amide bonding formed

Question 37

synthetic polymers are ____ and ____, relatively ____, can withstand ____ and __1__ __2__, can withstand ___, ___-_____, easily ____

Answer 37

``` light and strong cheap corrosion chemical reaction water non-flammable mould to shape ```

Question 38

most polymers are not ____, the __1__ __2__ of plastics gives rise to ____ and ____ gases like _____ , ____ and _____ that can cause ___ burning of plastics can also produce ____ that worsens the _____ ___1___ __2__ can cause __ of marine creature when _____ enter their ____ ____ drains can cause ____

Answer 38

biodegradable poisonous, acidic gases carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide acid rain carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect Marine pollution, death microplastic, food chain Block , flash floods

Question 39

r____ polymers : through ___, plastics ____ by ___ them without ___ at ___. the products of this process are then ____ into _____ i_____ b___ polymers: ___ polymers with ____ that can be ____ by ____ (to become _____) or through ____ (______)

Answer 39

Recycling, pyrolysis, decompose, heating, oxygen, 700°C, recycled, new products. Inventing, biodegradable, Mix, additives, decomposed, bacteria (biodegradable) (photodegradable).

Question 40

IUPAC name of isoprene

Answer 40

2, methylbut-1,3-diene

Question 41

polyisoprene is surrounded with ___

Answer 41

negatively charged particles

Question 42

how does latex remain as liquid?

Answer 42

the negatively charged particles repel each other

Question 43

use of rubber (latex) | clue they start w/ rubber

Answer 43

rubber gloves. rubber boots, tires, soles of shoes

Question 44

rubber is a w___ s___ at ___

Answer 44

white, solid, 25 C

Question 45

rubber is ____ and can be ____ and ____ to original ___ when ____

Answer 45

elastic, stretched, return, shape, released

Question 46

at ___ temperature, rubber turns ___ and ___

Answer 46

high, soft, sticky

Question 47

rubber cannot ____ e____

Answer 47

conduct electricity

Question 48

rubber is easily ____ because the ___ in air react with _____ between ___ atoms

Answer 48

oxidised, oxygen gas, double bond, carbon

Question 49

rubber reacts easily with ___, ___, ____

Answer 49

acids, alkalis, organic solvents

Question 50

rubber is ____ | clue: we are bulletproof

Answer 50

waterproof

Question 51

what are the 2 ways for later to coagulate?

Answer 51

natural | artificial

Question 52

how is latex coagulated naturally? | simple je yah explain lagi

Answer 52

bacteria from air enters rubber and secretes lactic acid containing H+ ions

Question 53

how is latex coagulated artificially? | simple je yah explain lagi

Answer 53

dilute acid containing H+ ions

Question 54

describe process of coagulation of latex

Answer 54

the lactic acid/dilute acid containing H+ ion react with negatively charged particles which will neutralise the rubber particles. then the rubber particles collide against each other, breaking the protein membrane surrounding polyisoprene. Polyisoprene will clump together, changing the state of matter from liquid to solid.

Question 55

latex is more valuable when given in ___

Answer 55

liquid form

Question 56

to prevent coagulation of latex. what is added

Answer 56

NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) or aqueous ammonia as it contains OH- ion

Question 57

how does NH4OH or aqueous ammonia prevent coagulation of latex?

Answer 57

it neutralises the H+ ion produced by bacteria as it contains OH- ions. the protein membrane remains negatively charged and continue to repel each other

Question 58

ionic equation of NH4OH

Answer 58

NH4OH --> NH4+ + OH-

Question 59

neutralisation eq that occurs

Answer 59

OH- + H+ --> H2O

Question 60

Why is strong acid not used in coagulation of latex?

Answer 60

that would cause a sudden drop in pH, leading to irregular coagulation of the latex particles.

Question 61

what is the best quality of latex ?

Answer 61

sheet rubber

Question 62

what is the 2nd best quality of latex?

Answer 62

block rubber

Question 63

what is the lowest quality of latex?

Answer 63

clump rubber

Question 64

why do rubber tappers have to collect latex before sunrise (7 am)? (relate to rate of reaction)

Answer 64

As the sun rises, the surrounding temperature increases. Increase in temperature will increase the rate of reaction. Increase in reaction because higher collision frequency and particles vibrate rapidly. rubber particles collide frequently with H+ ion of bacteria.

Question 65

definition of vulcanisation of rubber

Answer 65

a process of producing rubber that is more elastic and with better quality through the production of cross-links between polymer chains.

Question 66

what is vulcanisation of rubber

Answer 66

sulphur

Question 67

3 characteristics of vulcanised rubber

Answer 67

hard, non-sticky, more elastic

Question 68

vulcanised rubber used in daily life as

Answer 68

car tyre

Question 69

how is rubber vulcanised?

Answer 69

Adding sulphur compound into latex - forming sulphur link - maintain elasticity of rubber