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chemistry > chap4, form 5 > Flashcards

chap4, form 5 Flashcards

1
Q

definition of polymer

A

A long chain of molecules consisting of monomers.

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2
Q

2 source of polymer

A

natural polymer

synthetic polymer

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3
Q

5 example of natural polymer

A

starch, carbohydrate, protein, fats, natural rubber

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4
Q

4 example of synthetic polymer

A

terylene, polystyrene, polyethene, nylon

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5
Q

monomer of starch

A

glucose

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6
Q

monomer of protein

A

amino acid

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7
Q

monomer of fats

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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8
Q

monomer of natural rubber

A

isoprene

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9
Q

what are 3 types of polymer

A

thermoplastic
thermosetting
elastomer

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10
Q

definition of thermoplastic polymer

A

Can be repeatedly remoulded by heating, and recycled

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11
Q

definition of thermosetting polymer

A

Cannot be remoulded after heating

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12
Q

definition of elastomer polymer

A

Can be stretched, return to original shape (elastic)

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13
Q

properties of thermoplastic polymer

A

When heated: melt

When cooled: solidify

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14
Q

properties of thermosetting polymer

A

Disintegrate or burn when heated, x recyclable

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15
Q

properties of elastomer polymer

A

Has high elasticity properties

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16
Q

3 example of thermoplastic polymer

A

Polyethene, PVC, nylon

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17
Q

2 example of thermoplastic polymer

A

Melamine, bakelite

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18
Q

example of elastomer polymer

A

Polyurethane, (SBR) Styrene-butadiene rubber

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19
Q

what are the 2 types of polymerisation reaction?

A

addition polymerisation

condensation polymerisation

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20
Q

definition of addition polymerisation?

A

add or break double bonding

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21
Q

addition polymerisation produces polymer ending with ___

A

-ene

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22
Q

characteristic of polyethene

A

durable & strong

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23
Q

use of polyethene

A

plastic bags, bottle, packaging

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24
Q

characteristic of polypropene

A

durable

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25
Q

use of polypropene

A

toys, textile, medical & laboratory apparatus

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26
Q

characteristic of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

strong & hard

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27
Q

use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

A

Water pipes and electrical insulators

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28
Q

characteristic of polystyrene

A

light & heat insulator

29
Q

use of polystyrene

A

heat insulator, food packaging

30
Q

how many types of condensation polymerisation are there?

A

2

31
Q

what are the 2 types of condensation polymerisation are there?

A

form terylene

form nylon

32
Q

condensation polymerisation forms what products?

A

polymer + water/hydrogen chloride

33
Q

in formation of terylene, what happens to ethanol & carboxylic acid and how is water formed as a byproduct

A

ethanol loses one H atom
carboxylic acid loses hydroxyl
the H and OH combine to form H2O

34
Q

in formation of terylene, what kind of bond is formed?

A

ester bond

35
Q

in formation of nylon, what happens to amine & carboxylic acid and what is formed as a byproduct?

A

amine loses one H atom
carboxylic acid loses one Cl atom
H and Cl combine to form HCl

36
Q

in formation of nylon, what bonding is formed?

A

a dipeptide/amide bonding formed

37
Q

synthetic polymers are ____ and ____, relatively ____, can withstand ____ and __1__ __2__, can withstand ___, ___-_____, easily ____

A 
light and strong
cheap
corrosion
chemical reaction
water 
non-flammable
mould to shape
38
Q

most polymers are not ____, the __1__ __2__ of plastics gives rise to ____ and ____ gases like _____ , ____ and _____ that can cause ___

burning of plastics can also produce ____ that worsens the _____

___1___ __2__ can cause __ of marine creature when _____ enter their ____

____ drains can cause ____

A

biodegradable
poisonous, acidic gases
carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide acid rain
carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect

Marine pollution, death microplastic, food chain

Block , flash floods

39
Q

r____ polymers : through ___, plastics ____ by ___ them without ___ at ___. the products of this process are then ____ into _____

i_____ b___ polymers: ___ polymers with ____ that can be ____ by ____ (to become _____) or through ____ (______)

A

Recycling, pyrolysis, decompose, heating, oxygen, 700°C, recycled, new products.

Inventing, biodegradable, Mix, additives, decomposed, bacteria (biodegradable) (photodegradable).

40
Q

IUPAC name of isoprene

A

2, methylbut-1,3-diene

41
Q

polyisoprene is surrounded with ___

A

negatively charged particles

42
Q

how does latex remain as liquid?

A

the negatively charged particles repel each other

43
Q

use of rubber (latex)

clue they start w/ rubber

A

rubber gloves. rubber boots, tires, soles of shoes

44
Q

rubber is a w___ s___ at ___

A

white, solid, 25 C

45
Q

rubber is ____ and can be ____ and ____ to original ___ when ____

A

elastic, stretched, return, shape, released

46
Q

at ___ temperature, rubber turns ___ and ___

A

high, soft, sticky

47
Q

rubber cannot ____ e____

A

conduct electricity

48
Q

rubber is easily ____ because the ___ in air react with _____ between ___ atoms

A

oxidised, oxygen gas, double bond, carbon

49
Q

rubber reacts easily with ___, ___, ____

A

acids, alkalis, organic solvents

50
Q

rubber is ____

clue: we are bulletproof

A

waterproof

51
Q

what are the 2 ways for later to coagulate?

A

natural

artificial

52
Q

how is latex coagulated naturally?

simple je yah explain lagi

A

bacteria from air enters rubber and secretes lactic acid containing H+ ions

53
Q

how is latex coagulated artificially?

simple je yah explain lagi

A

dilute acid containing H+ ions

54
Q

describe process of coagulation of latex

A

the lactic acid/dilute acid containing H+ ion react with negatively charged particles which will neutralise the rubber particles. then the rubber particles collide against each other, breaking the protein membrane surrounding polyisoprene. Polyisoprene will clump together, changing the state of matter from liquid to solid.

55
Q

latex is more valuable when given in ___

A

liquid form

56
Q

to prevent coagulation of latex. what is added

A

NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) or aqueous ammonia as it contains OH- ion

57
Q

how does NH4OH or aqueous ammonia prevent coagulation of latex?

A

it neutralises the H+ ion produced by bacteria as it contains OH- ions. the protein membrane remains negatively charged and continue to repel each other

58
Q

ionic equation of NH4OH

A

NH4OH –> NH4+ + OH-

59
Q

neutralisation eq that occurs

A

OH- + H+ –> H2O

60
Q

Why is strong acid not used in coagulation of latex?

A

that would cause a sudden drop in pH, leading to irregular coagulation of the latex particles.

61
Q

what is the best quality of latex ?

A

sheet rubber

62
Q

what is the 2nd best quality of latex?

A

block rubber

63
Q

what is the lowest quality of latex?

A

clump rubber

64
Q

why do rubber tappers have to collect latex before sunrise (7 am)?
(relate to rate of reaction)

A

As the sun rises, the surrounding temperature increases. Increase in temperature will increase the rate of reaction. Increase in reaction because higher collision frequency and particles vibrate rapidly. rubber particles collide frequently with H+ ion of bacteria.

65
Q

definition of vulcanisation of rubber

A

a process of producing rubber that is more elastic and with better quality through the production of cross-links between polymer chains.

66
Q

what is vulcanisation of rubber

A

sulphur

67
Q

3 characteristics of vulcanised rubber

A

hard, non-sticky, more elastic

68
Q

vulcanised rubber used in daily life as

A

car tyre

69
Q

how is rubber vulcanised?

A

Adding sulphur compound into latex - forming sulphur link - maintain elasticity of rubber

chemistry (8 decks)

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