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chemistry > chap1, form 5 > Flashcards

chap1, form 5 Flashcards

1
Q

oxidation: oxygen

A

gain

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2
Q

oxidation: hydrogen

A

lose

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3
Q

oxidation: oxidation number

A

increase

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4
Q

oxidation: electron

A

lose

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5
Q

U-TUBE: how many substances are at +ve terminal

A

6

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6
Q

U-TUBE: what are the substances at +ve terminal

A 
KMnO4
K2Cr2O7
Cl2
Br2
FeCl3
H2O2
KKCaukeBangladeshForHenry
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7
Q

U-TUBE: how many substances are at -ve terminal

A

6

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8
Q

U-TUBE: what are the substances at -ve terminal

A 
KI
KBr
reactive metals 
FeSO4
SO2
KKRempitForSofia
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9
Q

what are reactive metals not used in u-tube

A

Cu and Ag

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10
Q

colour change of Fe2+

A

green to yellow

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11
Q

colour change of Fe3+

A

orange to brown

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12
Q

colour of Cu2+

A

blue

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13
Q

colour change of KMNO4

A

purple to colourless

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14
Q

colour change of K2Cr2O7

A

orange to green

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15
Q

colour change of Cl2

A

greenish yellow to colourless

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16
Q

colour change of Br2

A

orange to colourless

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17
Q

colour change of FeCl3

A

yellow to green

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18
Q

colour change of KI

A

colourless to yellow

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19
Q

colour change of KBr

A

colourless to orange

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20
Q

colour change of FeSO4

A

green to yellow

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21
Q

function of salt bridge

A

allow movement of ions between electrolytes

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22
Q

function of galvanometer

A

shows transfer of electrons

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23
Q

function of arrow

A

shows movement of electrons

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24
Q

U-TUBE: what happens at positive terminal

A

reduction

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25
Q

U-TUBE: what happens at negative terminal

A

oxidation

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26
Q

what are the 2 displacement reactions?

A

halogen displacement

metal displacement

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27
Q

in halogen displacement, it involves which group?

A

group 17

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28
Q

how is the reactivity in G17?

A

going down group, reactivity decreases

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29
Q

how do you know its a halide?

A

it has -ides at the back

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30
Q

what is the strongest oxidising agent in G17?

A

flouride

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31
Q

what is the strongest reducing agent in G17?

A

astatide

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32
Q

why does the blue colour of copper nitrate become paler?

A

the concentration of Cu2+ ion decreases

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33
Q

colour of copper metal

A

brown

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34
Q

ECS gimme the order

A

kalau kahwin nak, mesti ada zakat fitrah supaya perkahwinan helok kekal abadi

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35
Q

what is the EO value of H2

A

0 V

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36
Q

all metal ions are __ agent

A

oxidising

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37
Q

all metals are ___agent

A

reducing

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38
Q

what is the strongest oxidising agent in ECS?

A

silver ion

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39
Q

what is the strongest reducing agent in ECS?

A

potassium, K

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40
Q

what happens at cathode?

A

reduction

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41
Q

what happens at anode?

A

oxidation

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42
Q

arrangement of cell notation for voltaic cell

A

anode: cathode

metal/metal ion/metal

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43
Q

how to find E0 of cell

if given +ve and -ve terminal

A

E0(+ve terminal) - E0(-ve terminal)

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44
Q

how to find E0 of cell

if given cathode and anode

A

E0 cathode - E0 anode

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45
Q

what is the energy change that happens in voltaic cells?

A

chemical energy to electrical energy

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46
Q

function of voltaic cell

A

to supply electrical energy

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47
Q

ionic equation of anode depends on?

A

type of metal

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48
Q

how to determine which metal at anode? what are the requirements?

A

more reactive metal

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49
Q

how to determine which metal at cathode? what are the requirements?

A

less reactive metal

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50
Q

ionic equation of cathode depends on?

A

electrolyte

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51
Q

in electrolytic cell, the anode is connected to the ___terminal of battery

A

positive

52
Q

in electrolytic cell, the cathode is connected to the ___terminal of battery

A

negative

53
Q

in electroplating, at cathode what is put there?

A

the object plated

54
Q

in electroplating, at anode what is put there?

A

metal for electroplating

55
Q

in purification of metals, at cathode what is put there?

A

pure metal OR pure copper

56
Q

in purification of metals, at anode what is put there?

A

impure metal OR impure copper

57
Q

cathode attracts

A

cation

58
Q

anode attracts

A

anion

59
Q

for inert electrodes, what metals are used?

A

carbon, platinum

60
Q

definition of electrolysis

A

a process where compounds in molten state or aqueous decompose into their constituent elements by passing electricity through them

61
Q

what is energy change at electrolytic cell

A

electrical energy to chemical energy

62
Q

for cathode, take cation with ___ E0 value

A

more positive

63
Q

for anode, take anion with ____E0 value

A

less positive

64
Q

if there is presence of hydrogen, oxygen gas what is the observation?

A

bubbles/effervescence

65
Q

if there is presence of copper what is the observation?

A

brown deposition

66
Q

if there is presence of silver, iron what is the observation?

A

shiny metal deposition

67
Q

if there is presence of bromine gas what is the observation?

A

brown gas

68
Q

if there is presence of lead what is the observation?

A

grey solid formed

69
Q

electrolyte of electroplating contains what?

A

cations similar to anode

70
Q

what is observation at cathode for electroplating?

A

shiny metal on surface of object

71
Q

what is observation at anode for electroplating?

A

size of metal electrode has decreased

72
Q

why is there shiny metal on surface of object?

A

there is metal coating on the object

73
Q

why has the metal electrode decreased?

A

the electrode has deionised to release its ions in the electrolyte

74
Q

for smooth coating of object, use ___electrical energy

A

low voltage

75
Q

for smooth coating of object, _____slowly for ___

A

rotate object

even distribution of metal on object

76
Q

for smooth coating of object,

____of object with ___

A

clean surface

sand paper to remove oxide layers before electroplating

77
Q

what are the 2 insoluble carbonate salts?

A

silver carbonate

copper(II) carbonate

78
Q

what is the 1 insoluble chloride salt?

A

silver chloride

79
Q

electrolyte of purification of metal has to be ____ with metal being purified

A

same

80
Q

if copper was being purified, what electrolytes can be used? give 3

A

aqueous
CuSO4
CuCl2
Cu(NO3)2

81
Q

carbon lining in extraction of aluminium act

as

A

cathode

82
Q

carbon/graphite electrodes in extraction of aluminium as

A

anodes

83
Q

what is solution used in extraction of aluminium

A

molten aluminium oxide in molten cryolite

84
Q

aluminium is extracted from

A

aluminium oxide or alumina

85
Q

aluminium oxide is the purified version of?

A

bauxite or aluminium ore

86
Q

what gas is released during extraction?

A

CO2

87
Q

purification of bauxite creates

A

toxic red sludge

88
Q

why does molten aluminium sink to the bottom?

A

high density

89
Q

extraction of aluminium: what is the observation at cathode?

A

shiny deposition

90
Q

extraction of aluminium: what is the observation at anode?

A

bubbles

91
Q

why are there bubbles at anode?

A

there is presence of oxygen gas

92
Q

why is there shiny deposition at cathode?

A

aluminium

93
Q

3 function of cryolite

A

to lower melting point of bauxite from 2000 to 700
speed up production
reduce electrical cost

94
Q

extraction of iron from hematite: what is added at the top? name 3

A

iron ore, coke, CaCO3

95
Q

hematite chemical formula

A

Fe2O3

96
Q

blast furnace used in

A

extraction of iron from hematite

97
Q

extraction of iron from hematite: why hot air is supplied in? give 2 reasons.

A

increase rate of reaction

less dense, so it move upwards to react with materials up there

98
Q

slag aka

A

CaSiO3

99
Q

density of slag

A

less dense than molten iron

100
Q

what is reduced in carbon reduction process?

A

iron(III) oxide reduced

101
Q

what happens in zone 1?

A

oxygen reacts with coke to form CO2

102
Q

what happens in zone 2?

A

CO2 reacts with coke to form CO

103
Q

what reduces iron(III) oxide to iron?

A

coke or CO

104
Q

function of calcium carbonate/limestone?

A

decompose to form CaO/quicklime

105
Q

function of CaO

A

neutralise and react with SiO2 to form CaSiO3

106
Q

2 factors need for rusting

A

water, oxygen

107
Q

rate of rusting is high in 2 situations. give them

A

high temperature

salt/acid solution

108
Q

why is the rate of rusting high in salt/acid solution?

A

there are free moving ions

109
Q

explain how rusting of metal is a redox reaction

A

metal is oxidised spontaneously when metal atoms release electrons to form metal ions

110
Q

the ___electropositive metal the easier to ____

A

more

corrode

111
Q

where is anode in rusting?

A

the very bottom yalls

112
Q

what happens at anode in rusting?

A

iron ionises to become Fe2+

113
Q

where is cathode in rusting?

A

at the very edge of droplet

114
Q

what happens in cathode in rusting?

A

oxygen and water gain 4 electrons to form OH ion

115
Q

how to indicate hydroxide ion in phenolphtalein?

A

pink

116
Q

what happens after OH ion is formed?

A

the OH ion combine with Fe2+ to form iron(II) hydroxide

117
Q

then what happens after iron(II) hydroxide is formed?

A

the iron(II) hydroxide will continue to react with oxygen to form rust

118
Q

chemical name for rust?

A

hydrated iron (III) oxide

119
Q

chemical formula for hydrated iron (III) oxide?

A

Fe2O3 x H2O

120
Q

definition of galvanisation

A

a layer of zinc galvanises steel or iron

121
Q

definition of tin plating/stanum

A

a layer of tin electroplates steel

122
Q

characteristic of oxide layer

A

hard, non porous

123
Q

another method to prevent rust starts with C

A

chrome plating

124
Q

definition of sacrificial protection

A

iron is attached to a more electropositive metal

125
Q

what happens to the more electropositive metal in ?sacrificial protection

A

it eventually corrodes, sacrificed

chemistry (8 decks)

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