Chap11 & 12 LA Flashcards
- What makes a personal quality part of someone’s personality?
A personal quality is considered part of someone’s personality when it is a stable, enduring characteristic that consistently influences their thoughts, feelings, and behavior over time
. 2. Describe the difference between extroverts and introverts in terms of what is energizing to each.
Extroverts are energized by social interactions and external stimuli, thriving in active and engaging environments. Introverts, in contrast, are energized by solitary activities or quiet environments, often preferring introspection and smaller social settings.
- Discuss Horney’s perspective on Freud’s concept of penis envy.
Horney disagreed with Freud’s concept of penis envy, arguing that such jealousy is not biological but cultural. She suggested that any envy women feel is rooted in the social advantages men have, rather than a literal desire for male anatomy. She also introduced the concept of “womb envy,” where men might feel envy because they cannot give birth
Compare and contrast situational and dispositional influences and give examples.
Situational influences arise from external factors (e.g., traffic causing anger), while dispositional influences stem from internal traits (e.g., an angry personality). Both explain inappropriate behavior based on external circumstances or personal traits.
How would individualistic and collectivistic cultures explain winning a sports event
Individualistic cultures attribute success to personal effort; collectivistic cultures credit teamwork or support.
- Why didn’t “good” guards or prisoners in the Stanford experiment object to abuse?
Guards conformed to roles; prisoners felt powerless and succumbed to authority. Situational forces overwhelmed personal values
How were roles, norms, and scripts evident in the Stanford experiment
Guards followed norms of authority; prisoners conformed to submissive roles. Scripts dictated abusive or compliant behavior
Example of cognitive dissonance and resolution
A smoker feeling guilty resolves dissonance by rationalizing smoking reduces stress
Central vs. peripheral route ad for Bliss Soda?
Central: Focus on health benefits. Peripheral: Use celebrity endorsements
How does seeking outside opinions prevent groupthink
It introduces alternative perspectives and reduces pressure for consensus
Compare social loafing and social facilitati
Loafing: Less effort in groups. Facilitation: Improved performance in groups
Why is sexual orientation prejudice more open than race/gender
Less societal progress and fewer legal protections contribute to tolerance of bias.
How do people choose scapegoa
They select vulnerable groups with stereotypes supporting blame.
Compare hostile and instrumental aggression
Hostile: Emotion-driven harm. Instrumental: Goal-oriented harm.
Why is cyberbullying hard to detect/prevent
It’s anonymous, persistent, and not physically visible.
What influences relationships forming?
Proximity, similarity, and shared experiences
Evolutionary attractive traits in men and women
Men: Youth, fertility. Women: Resources, stability.
Example of situational influence?
Acting formal at a wedding due to the setting.
Example of a self-serving attribution in sports?
A coach blaming refs for losing but citing strategy for wins.
How does lacking a script feel in unfamiliar settings?
Confusing; behaviors adapt with observation and experience
Three social roles and resistance?
Student, sibling, friend. Resisted: Stereotypical gender roles.
Post-decision dissonance example
Regretting a costly purchase, resolving by justifying quality.
Foot-in-the-door technique example
Asking for a small favor, then a larger one later.
- Conformity in elevators
Standing backward may prompt others to copy.
Would you shock the learner in Milgram’s experimen
Likely, as situational pressures can override personal morals.
