9/10 GPT Flashcards
1
Q
- What is cognition?
a) The study of emotions
b) The process of thought, memory, and problem-solving
c) The study of reflexes
d) The ability to detect stimuli
A
Answer: b) The process of thought, memory, and problem-solving
2
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a natural concept?
a) A triangle’s area
b) The concept of a mammal
c) A mathematical formula
d) A classroom
A
Answer: b) The concept of a mammal
3
Q
- An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.
a) Stereotype
b) Concept
c) Script
d) Prototype
A
Answer: c) Script
4
Q
- What provides rules for organizing words into sentences?
a) Lexicon
b) Syntax
c) Semantics
d) Pragmatics
A
Answer: b) Syntax
5
Q
- Which brain structure is most associated with fear?
a) Hippocampus
b) Amygdala
c) Thalamus
d) Hypothalamus
A
Answer: b) Amygdala
6
Q
- Which theory suggests that physiological arousal and emotion occur simultaneously?
a) James-Lange
b) Cannon-Bard
c) Schachter-Singer
d) Facial Feedback Hypothesi
A
Answer: b) Cannon-Bard
7
Q
- Which hormone is linked to stress and the fight-or-flight response?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) Cortisol
d) Oxytocin
A
Answer: c) Cortisol
8
Q
- According to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are based on ________.
a) Brain structure
b) Arousal and cognitive labeling
c) Facial expressions
d) Memory recall
A
Answer: b) Arousal and cognitive labeling
9
Q
- Which is NOT a universal facial expression?
a) Happiness
b) Anger
c) Confusion
d) Sadness
A
Answer: c) Confusion
10
Q
- What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
a) Emotions result from arousal
b) Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
c) The brain controls emotion
d) Motivation is purely intrinsic
A
Answer: b) Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
11
Q
- Which part of the brain is most associated with language production?
a) Occipital lobe
b) Wernicke’s area
c) Broca’s area
d) Hippocampus
A
Answer: c) Broca’s area
12
Q
- Damage to Wernicke’s area would most likely result in difficulty with:
a) Producing speech
b) Understanding speech
c) Coordinating movement
d) Regulating emotions
A
Answer: b) Understanding speech
13
Q
- The concept of a “mental set” in problem-solving refers to:
a) Using only one method to solve a problem
b) The ability to think creatively
c) The tendency to focus on irrelevant details
d) The ability to multitask
A
Answer: a) Using only one method to solve a problem
14
Q
- Which heuristic is based on how easily information comes to mind?
a) Representativeness heuristic
b) Availability heuristic
c) Anchoring heuristic
d) Confirmation bias
A
Answer: b) Availability heuristic
15
Q
- Which term describes a child’s ability to learn new words quickly with minimal exposure?
a) Telegraphic speech
b) Fast mapping
c) Syntax acquisition
d) Phoneme blending
A
Answer: b) Fast mapping
16
Q
Problem-Solving and Intelligence
6. What is the “Flynn Effect”?
a) A decline in intelligence over time
b) A steady increase in IQ scores across generations
c) A cognitive bias related to intelligence testing
d) A method for measuring creativity
A
Answer: b) A steady increase in IQ scores across generations
17
Q
- Which psychologist developed the concept of “general intelligence” (g factor)?
a) Robert Sternberg
b) Howard Gardner
c) Charles Spearman
d) Alfred Binet
A
Answer: c) Charles Spearman
18
Q
- Which test measures emotional intelligence?
a) Stanford-Binet
b) WAIS-IV
c) Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
d) Raven’s Progressive Matrices
A
Answer: c) Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
19
Q
- What is the term for the ability to solve new problems and think abstractly?
a) Crystallized intelligence
b) Fluid intelligence
c) Practical intelligence
d) Divergent thinking
A
Answer: b) Fluid intelligence
20
Q
- Which form of intelligence involves applying knowledge to everyday life?
a) Creative intelligence
b) Analytical intelligence
c) Practical intelligence
d) Emotional intelligence
A
Answer: c) Practical intelligence
21
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of creative thinking?
a) Divergent thinking
b) Functional fixedness
c) Originality
d) Fluency
ss
A
Answer: b) Functional fixedne
22
Q
- Which term refers to the ability to recognize and regulate emotions in oneself and others?
a) Social intelligence
b) Emotional intelligence
c) Cognitive intelligence
d) Moral intelligence
A
Answer: b) Emotional intelligence
23
Q
- Which researcher proposed that intelligence is composed of multiple, distinct abilities?
a) Charles Spearman
b) Howard Gardner
c) Alfred Binet
d) David Wechsler
A
Answer: b) Howard Gardner
24
Q
- Which type of thinking is most associated with problem-solving and creativity?
a) Convergent thinking
b) Divergent thinking
c) Logical thinking
d) Deductive reasoning
A
Answer: b) Divergent thinking
25
Q
- IQ scores are typically based on a ________ distribution.
a) Skewed
b) Bimodal
c) Normal
d) Linear
A
Answer: c) Normal
26
Q
- Which brain structure plays a key role in regulating hunger?
a) Amygdala
b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus
d) Thalamus
A
Answer: c) Hypothalamus
27
Q
- Which hormone increases hunger by signaling the brain to eat?
a) Ghrelin
b) Leptin
c) Dopamine
d) Cortisol
A
Answer: a) Ghrelin
28
Q
- Which neurotransmitter is most associated with pleasure and motivation?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Glutamate
A
Answer: a) Dopamine
29
Q
- What is the term for a decrease in motivation after receiving external rewards for an intrinsically motivating task?
a) Overjustification effect
b) Self-determination theory
c) Cognitive dissonance
d) Homeostasis
A
Answer: a) Overjustification effect
30
Q
- Which of the following is NOT part of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Social needs
d) Aesthetic needs
A
Answer: d) Aesthetic needs
31
Q
- Which theory suggests that emotions result from labeling physiological arousal?
a) James-Lange theory
b) Cannon-Bard theory
c) Schachter-Singer theory
d) Lazarus theory
A
Answer: c) Schachter-Singer theory
32
Q
- Which system is primarily responsible for the body’s stress response?
a) Parasympathetic nervous system
b) Endocrine system
c) Sympathetic nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system
A
Answer: c) Sympathetic nervous system
33
Q
- Which emotion is associated with the release of oxytocin?
a) Anger
b) Sadness
c) Love
d) Fear
A
Answer: c) Love
34
Q
- Which facial expression is NOT considered universal?
a) Happiness
b) Sadness
c) Confusion
d) Disgust
A
Answer: c) Confusion
35
Q
- Which brain region plays a key role in experiencing emotions?
a) Prefrontal cortex
b) Amygdala
c) Basal ganglia
d) Cerebellum
A
Answer: b) Amygdala
36
Q
- Which stress hormone is released by the adrenal glands?
a) Insulin
b) Oxytocin
c) Cortisol
d) Endorphins
A
Answer: c) Cortisol
37
Q
- Which of the following is a healthy stress management technique?
a) Rumination
b) Avoidance
c) Meditation
d) Suppression
A
Answer: c) Meditation
38
Q
- Which of the following describes “eustress”?
a) Chronic stress
b) Positive stress that motivates action
c) Uncontrollable stress
d) Stress leading to exhaustion
A
Answer: b) Positive stress that motivates action
39
Q
- Which coping strategy focuses on directly addressing a stressor?
a) Problem-focused coping
b) Emotion-focused coping
c) Avoidance coping
d) Defensive coping
A
Answer: a) Problem-focused coping
40
Q
- Which neurotransmitter is linked to happiness and well-being?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) Cortisol
d) Glutamate
A
Answer: b) Serotonin
41
Q
- What is the term for the tendency to cling to one’s initial beliefs even after evidence contradicts them?
a) Hindsight bias
b) Belief perseverance
c) Anchoring bias
d) Availability heuristic
A
Answer: b) Belief perseverance
42
Q
- The Whorfian Hypothesis (linguistic relativity) suggests that:
a) Language influences thought
b) Thought influences language
c) Language and thought are independent
d) Language is innate
A
Answer: a) Language influences thought
43
Q
- What is telegraphic speech?
a) A form of complex adult language
b) The use of short, simple sentences by young children
c) The ability to understand speech but not produce it
d) The tendency to speak in metaphors
A
Answer: b) The use of short, simple sentences by young children
44
Q
- Which of the following is an example of overgeneralization in language development?
a) “I goed to the store.”
b) “The dog is outside.”
c) “Can I have more?”
d) “I saw a bird.”
A
Answer: a) “I goed to the store.”
45
Q
- Which stage of language development is characterized by cooing sounds?
a) Babbling stage
b) One-word stage
c) Holophrastic stage
d) Telegraphic stage
A
Answer: a) Babbling stage
46
Q
- Which type of problem-solving involves using a step-by-step strategy that guarantees a solution?
a) Heuristic
b) Algorithm
c) Insight
d) Functional fixedness
A
Answer: b) Algorithm
47
Q
- What is metacognition?
a) The ability to process information quickly
b) Thinking about thinking
c) The ability to recognize patterns
d) Decision-making based on past experiences
A
Answer: b) Thinking about thinking
48
Q
- The ability to generate multiple solutions to a problem is called:
a) Convergent thinking
b) Divergent thinking
c) Deductive reasoning
d) Inductive reasoning
A
Answer: b) Divergent thinking
49
Q
- Which psychologist studied the effect of stereotype threat on intelligence performance?
a) Carol Dweck
b) Claude Steele
c) Howard Gardner
d) Lewis Terman
A
Answer: b) Claude Steele
50
Q
- Which type of intelligence refers to the ability to navigate social situations effectively?
a) Practical intelligence
b) Interpersonal intelligence
c) Logical-mathematical intelligence
d) Spatial intelligence
A
Answer: b) Interpersonal intelligence
51
Q
- What is the main purpose of norming an intelligence test?
a) To determine the difficulty level of the test
b) To establish average scores for comparison
c) To modify questions for different groups
d) To ensure that the test remains unchanged over time
A
Answer: b) To establish average scores for comparison
52
Q
- Which of the following best describes a savant?
a) A person with high IQ but low social skills
b) An individual with intellectual disability but extraordinary ability in a specific area
c) A person with strong emotional intelligence
d) Someone with balanced intelligence across multiple domains
A
Answer: b) An individual with intellectual disability but extraordinary ability in a specific area
53
Q
- Which intelligence test includes subtests measuring both verbal and performance IQ?
a) Stanford-Binet
b) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
c) Raven’s Progressive Matrices
d) Kaufman Assessment Battery
A
Answer: b) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
54
Q
- Which term refers to the ability to learn from experience and adapt to new situations?
a) Crystallized intelligence
b) Fluid intelligence
c) General intelligence
d) Specific intelligence
A
Answer: c) General intelligence
55
Q
- What does reaction range theory propose about intelligence?
a) Intelligence is entirely genetic
b) Intelligence has an upper and lower limit determined by genetics, but environment influences where one falls within that range
c) Intelligence remains constant throughout life
d) Intelligence is solely influenced by environmental factors
A
Answer: b) Intelligence has an upper and lower limit determined by genetics, but environment influences where one falls within that range
56
Q
- Which term refers to motivation driven by external rewards such as money or fame?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) Self-actualization
d) Drive theory
A
Answer: b) Extrinsic motivation
57
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a component of self-determination theory?
a) Autonomy
b) Competence
c) Relatedness
d) Hierarchy
A
Answer: d) Hierarchy
58
Q
- The two main types of eating disorders are:
a) Bulimia and anorexia
b) Binge eating disorder and diabetes
c) Hypoglycemia and obesity
d) Anorexia and food addiction
A
Answer: a) Bulimia and anorexia
59
Q
- Which brain structure plays a major role in sexual motivation?
a) Amygdala
b) Hypothalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Hippocampus
A
Answer: b) Hypothalamus
60
Q
- Which term describes the body’s attempt to maintain a balanced internal state?
a) Homeostasis
b) Hedonism
c) Adaptation
d) Motivation
A
Answer: a) Homeostasis
61
Q
- Which researcher is best known for studying facial expressions of emotion across cultures?
a) Paul Ekman
b) William James
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Stanley Schachter
A
Answer: a) Paul Ekman
62
Q
- Which theory suggests that we experience emotion after interpreting an event?
a) James-Lange
b) Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Theory
c) Cannon-Bard
d) Drive Reduction Theory
A
Answer: b) Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Theory
63
Q
- Which neurotransmitter is linked to social bonding?
a) Dopamine
b) Oxytocin
c) Norepinephrine
d) Endorphins
A
Answer: b) Oxytocin
64
Q
- What is affective forecasting?
a) Predicting how we will feel in the future
b) Identifying others’ emotions
c) Controlling emotional responses
d) Forgetting negative experiences
A
Answer: a) Predicting how we will feel in the future
65
Q
- Which personality trait is most linked to resilience in stress management?
a) Neuroticism
b) Extraversion
c) Conscientiousness
d) Openness
A
Answer: c) Conscientiousness
