chap 9 sg/sy Flashcards
hyperkeratosis
arsenic
diarrhea
- acetaminophen adverse rxn
- aspirin chronic toxicity
esophageal varices (assoc w cirrhosis)
chronic alchism
acute myeloid leukemia
BEnxene and 1,3-butadiene
severe protein deprivation that affects the visceral store of proteins in the organs like the liver more.
kwashiorkor
fatty change
- chronic alchism
- marasmus
- kwashiorkor
alternating hyperpigmentation/desquamation/hypopigmentation = “flaky paint”
kwashiorkor
hypercalcemia
hypervitaminosis D in adults
Visceral protein compartment only marginally depleted = serum albumin nml
Maramus
permanent memory, vision, hearing, and speech prbs.
co
Subcut fat and m’s spared
kwashiorkor
hemorrhages and healing defects in adults.
vitC deficiency: scurvy
frontal bossing in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
cytoplasmic swelling, mito distortion, degen ER, PM breaks
ionizing radiation
increased HR, bp, angina if have CAD
marij
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents
bulemia
loss of villi and microvilli in SI
kwashiorkor
Hypoalbuminemai → general or dependent edema (eg puffiness of face, hands, legs)
- kwashiorkor
- anorexia (but no edema)
asthema attacks
sulfur dioxide; pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold; formaldehyde
Skin lesions
kwashiorkor
risk of non-malig resp dis
arsenic: if in water
scarring
opiates
Stunted grth in teens
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
xeropthalmia
vit A deficeincy: there is no vitA to signal to diff to epithelial cells –> keratinization, esp of lacrimal and mucus secreting epithelium –> dry conjunctiva = xerosis conjentivae
asthema-like
marij
Cholelithiasis
obesity
learning disabilities
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
brain edema
lead
cerebral palsy
mercury: minamata dis
impaired vision, esp in low light
- vit A deficeincy
- zinc deficeincy
acute liver failure
acetaminophen adverse rxn: via centrilobular necrosis trom NAPQI
Gynecomastia
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
most dangerous toxin if have astehma/enphysema
ground level ozone bc Prod free radicals → injure epithelial cells along resp tract and typr 1 alveolar cells → release inflamm medaitors
bone and joint pain
chronic vitA toxicity
shock
acetaminophen adverse rxn
drowsiness
aspirin chronic toxicity
neuro impairment of baby
cocaine
deafness
mercury: minamata dis
Psych disturbances
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
stupor
-acute vitA toxicity
resp depression
opiates
Increased risk of hepatic adenoma
OC adverse rxn… only if take for prolonged pds
pink or mottled with blisters depending on depth and are painful.
partial thicknesss burn
hepatic steatosis
acute alchism
laryngitis
marij
euphoria
- cocaine (from DA)
- opiates
- meth (followed by crash)
- MDMA
pellagra: dementia, dermatits, diarrhea
niacin deficiency
hypocalcemic tetany
vitD deficiency– convulsive st from insufficient extracell Ca (req for nml m fct)
hyperprexia
cocaine: from DA
renal and urinary bladder stones
vit A deficeincy d/t Desquamation of keratin debris in the urinary tract
cns depression
co
Hyperkalemia, tachycardia, arrhythmias
- hyperthermia: what happens 2nd
- anorexia –> Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death
- bulemia –> Cardiac arrhythmia
loss appetite
kwashiorkor
anemia
- Maramus: bc bone marrow hypoplastic freom reduced # RBC precursors
- anorexia
tinnitus, hearing probs
aspirin chronic toxicity
cellulitis
opiates
hyperkalemia
anorexia –> Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death
affect the spine, pelvis and tibia to casue lumbar lordosis and bowing of the legs in ambulatory stage
rickets
opportunistic infections
opiates: in subcut tissue, <3 valves, liver, lungs
- usu from s.aueus and fungi
- viral hep from needles
Obstructive lung dz
cadmium: caused by necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells; risk lung canc
Dehydration and decreased electrolytes
anorexia
peptic ulcer
tobacco
poor organizational skills
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
coronary artery dz
chronic alchism… from HTN, decreased levels of HDL (from a damaged liver)
segmental glomerulosclerosis
opiates
Korsakoff psychosis
malnutrition fron chronic alcohoolism
Hypoalbuminemai → general or dependent edema (eg puffiness of face, hands, legs)
kwashiorkor
dental issues
fluoride deficiency
shrinkage of LNs/spleen
ionizing radiation
interstitial fibrosis and renal failure
lead: chronic
HTN
cocaine
cutaneous lesions
opiates
Leads to pulm inflamm and secondary CV effects
Soot (particulate matter)
hoarse
marij
disrupt hormone balance
- organochlorines: PCB, DDT, lindane, aldrin, diedrin
- BPA
lethal arrythmias
- cocaine
- opiates
Dehydration and decreased electrolytes
- anorexia
- bulemia
preterm births
tobacco
skin (dry and scaly) hair changes
anorexia– from decreased TH
eye irritation
pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold
risk hepatocellular carcinoma
chronic alchism
viral pneumonia
microbiologic agents
agitation
bath salts
bone pain and
hypervitaminosis D in adults
Ring sideroblasts
lead: (RBC precursors w/Fe laden mito)
- -> can lead to basophilic stippling
dilated congestive cardiomyopathy
chronic alchism (alcoholic cardiomyopathy
tobacco can cause canc of:
oral cavity (esp if alch too), larynx. esoph, lung, panc, bladder, cervix, bone marrow
rhinitis
pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold
suicide
- sniffing stuff
- bath salts
dizziness and confusion
- organic solvents: chloroform and carbon tetrachloirde;
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- vitA toxicity (just dizziness)
Depletion of subcutaneous fat in arms, chest wall, shoulders, metacarpals
PEM in the developed world
Acute and chronic pancreatitis
chronic alchism
loss of the intestinal enzymes
kwashiorkor: esp in disaccharidase that makes it harder for kids to respond to milk based diets.
Wasting f quads and deltoids
PEM in the developed world
aplastic anemia
high doses ionizing radiation (= failure blood ct revovery)
folliculitis
organochlorines: PCB
Increased MI risk
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
Hepatic cholestasis if receiving orally
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
Legionnaires dis from
microbiologic agents
mental retardation
mercury: minamata dis
bradycardia
anorexia– from decreased TH
Bone weak and vulnerable to fxs
osteomalacia: Usu effect vert bodies and femoral necks
paranoia
- cocaine (from DA)
- meth
Papular dermatosis
vit A deficeincy: plugging of the adnexal gland ducts bc of hyperkeratinization of the epidermis
impair motor coord for 4-5 hrs
marij
paresthesia
arsenic
Ankle or sacral edema
PEM in the developed world
thiamine (vit B1) deficiency→
chronic alchism…leads to peripheral neuropathies, Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, and optic neuropathy
psychoses
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
headache
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- acute vitA toxicity
Facial hair and menstral changes in women
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
parietal bones buckle inward in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
rickets
vitD deficiency or low Ca in diet
resp arrest
acute alchism: d/t involvement of cortical neurons and lower medullary ctrs
chloracne
organochlorines: PCB; =a dermatosis w acne, cyst formation, hyperpigment, hyperkeratinosis around face/ears
osteomalacia
vitD deficiency or low Ca in diet
wt loss
chronic vitA toxicity
marrow aplasia
BEnxene and 1,3-butadiene
ischemic changes in the CNS, esp in the basal ganglia and the lenticular nuclei
co
bleeding that causes petichial hemorrhages
aspirin chronic toxicity
predisposed to osteoarthritis
obesity
increase bc risk after 5-6 yrs
estrogen-progesterone MHT adverse rxn
single/dbl stranded breaks in DNA; deletions, translocations, fragmentationl DNA-protien cross links; aneuploidy/polyploidy
ionizing radiation
bizarre behavior
- mercury
- sniffing stuff
microfractures and stresses on the weak bone
rickets
osteoporosis and osteomalacia
cadmium: Itai-itai dz :associated with renal dz
lead lines
lead duh: Lead interferes with the normal remodeling of cartilage and in the bone trabeculae in kids
*also seen in guns
pneumoconiosis
mineral dusts: nonneoplastic lung dis’s
marrow aplasia –> neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
ionizing radiation*
pnemonitis/irritation of deeper airways
lipid soluable gasas) NO, burning plastics in thernal burn
infertility
zinc deficiency
cough
marij
amenorrhea
anorexia
listlessness
kwashiorkor
severe protein deprivation that affects (vai catabolism and depletion) the somatic store of proteins in skeletal muscle
Maramus
cerebral atrophy
babies born to moms w PEM
square head in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
Af children weaned too early and fed a card diet
From fad diets in US
kwashiorkor
numbness
arsenic
confusion
meth
endothelial cells of vessels swollen and necrosis and dissolution of the walls
ionizing radiation: with more time or exposure
Increase CAD if older than 35 and smoke
OC adverse rxn
amb drug metabolism
organochlorines: PCB
lung canc from
radon
dilated vessles
ionizing radiation: right after exposure
sedation
opiates
inflamm and swelling of upper airways from /partia/-complete obstruction
from (water soluable gases) Cl, sulfur oxides, ammonia may react w water to form acids or alkalis in thermal burn
slow fx healing
lead: increasing chondrogenesis and delaying cartilage mineralization.
gastritis and ulceration
- acute and chronic alchism
- aspirin chronic toxicity
CAD
obesity: from Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL
rhabdomyolysis
hyperthermia or malig hyperthermia
severe pulm edema
opiates
ulcerations
opiates
Proximal tubular damage associated with intranuclear inclusions of protein aggregate
lead
alternating hyperpigmentation/desquamation/hypopigmentation = “flaky paint”
kwashiorkor
predispose to lung infections
- wood smoke
- vit A deficiency bc epithelium undergoes squamous metaplasia –> loss mucociliary epithelium
nuclear swelling; clumping of chromos; disruption nuc mem
ionizing radiation
mucosal atrophy of SI
kwashiorkor
blindness
- lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
- mercury
- vit A deficeincy
coma
- lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl;
- organic solvents: chloroform and carbon tetrachloirde
- aspirin chronic toxicity
Generalized vasodilation, peripheral pooling of blood, and decreased effective circulating volume.
hyperthermia: what happens first
bronchitis
marij
death after surgery
PEM in the developed world
emaciated extremities (head appears too lg for body
Maramus: M and subcutaneous fat used for fuel
Overgrowth of epiphyseal cartilage and failure for them to mature,
rickets
tahycardia
cocaine
fetal hypoxia
cocaine
3-6x risk venous thrombosis and PE
OC adverse rxn…d/t hypercoag st from induced by hepatic synth of coag factors
hard breathing
sulfur dioxide; formaldehyde
tubulointerstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis
analgesic nephrophathy.: Mixtures of aspirin and acetaminophen when taken over several years can cause
systemic atherosclerosis –>MI
tobacco: bc decreased O2 supply, but increased demand
- multiplicative when combined w HTN and hypercholest
keratomalacia
vit A deficeincy..erosion of roughened corneal surface and softening/destruction of the cornea
septic embolism from endocarditis
opiates
Hyperventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)
obesity
infections after a burn from…
pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA (methicillin-reisstant S.aureus), and Candida species of fungi
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, COPD
tobacco
vasoconstriction
cocaine
white or charred, dry, and painless burn
full thickness burn
cardiac arrest
opiates
renal tubular damage that can lead to end-stage renal dz.
cadmium
increased bone loss and hip fractures
VitD insufficiency = milder form of deficiency
tremors
mercury
acrodermatitis enteropathica
zinc deficiency: rash around eyes, mouth, nose, anus
less myelinization
babies born to moms w PEM
spont abort
- tobacco
- cocaine
Mortality from atrophy of diaphragm/resp m’s
Cachexia: canc deaths
<3dis
BPA, in adults
Demyelination of the cerebral and cerebellar white matter
lead
bleeding or embolus
adverse rxn from anticoag
psychosis
bath salts
Bitot’s spots
vit A deficeincy.. from the build up of keratin plaques
fewer neurons
babies born to moms w PEM
lymphopenia
- ionizing radiation*
- anorexia
increases VTE in 1st 2 yrs
MHT adverse rxn (have to have other factor too)
giant cells w plieomorphic nuc
ionizing radiation
constipation
anorexia– from decreased TH
Enlargement and lateral expansion of osteochonral jct
rickets
amyloidosis
opiates
Deposition osteoid matris on inadequately mineralized cartilaginous remnants
rickets
violent behaviors
- meth
- sniffing stuff
metastatic calcifications of soft tissues like the kidney.
hypervitaminosis D in kids
occipital bones flattening in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
Acne
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
cold
microbiologic agents
Hemolytic anemia if have G6PD
vitC toxicity
bone dz in growing kids
vitC deficiency: scurvy
somnolence
opiates
wrist drop
lead: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in adults, esp in the motor nerves of commonly used muscles
Esophageal and gastric rupture
bulemia
nausea
- acetaminophen adverse rxn
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- chronic vitA toxicity
gout
lead: decreased uric acid excretion
disordered cortical/motor/intellectual behavior
acute alchism
cherry-red color of the skin and mucous membranes.
co
hyperpigmentation
- arsenic
- opiates
spinocerebellar degen
vit E deficiency
Testes atrophy
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
Ca oxalate kdney stones
vitC toxicity
pain
arsenic
perforated septum
cocaine
blurred vision
- acute vitA toxicity
nuclear pyknosis and lysis
ionizing radiation
hyalinization and thickening of bv intima
ionizing radiation
retarded psychomotor dev
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
vomiting
- acetaminophen adverse rxn
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- acute and chronic vitA toxicity
hypersomnolence
obesity
foot drop
lead: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in adults, esp in the motor nerves of commonly used muscles
Iron overload
vitC toxicity
alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis
chronic alchism
major CNS defects for fetuses
mercury: minamata dis
tumors on palms and soles
arsenic
impaired wound healing,
PEM in the developed world
sepsis
PEM in the developed world
fibrosis in lungs, GI, gonads
ionizing radiation
hyperactivity
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
CNS depressant
acute alchism
microcytic hypochromic anemia
- Lead: inhibits δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase (involved in heme synthesis)
- iron deficiency
dementia
- tobacco
- sniffing stuff
subtle deficits in IQ
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
severe, generalized abdominal pain.
lead colic
anemia
Maramus
lung abcess
opiates
alch increases risk of these cancs…
Increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and breast in women.
m weak, neuro defects, abn collagen crosslinking
copper deficiency
burning nose/throat
sulfur dioxide; formaldehyde
T-cell mediated immune deficiency → infections → addl nutritional demands
Maramus, kwashiorkor
hallucinations
- opiates
- meth
gingivitis
mercury
myocardial ischemia –> MI
cocaine
Causes coma/death in 5 mins
co
CNS issues
lead: (more in kids) bc NTs inhibited bc of Ca homeostasis disruption
cataracts
tobacco
distort sensory info
marij
Cold intolerance
anorexia– from decreased TH
decrease in the mitotic index in the crypts
kwashiorkor
reduced risk atherosclerosis and CAD if younger than 60
MHT addl rxn
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
malnutrition fron chronic alcohoolism
anorexia and diarrhea
zinc deficiency
angiosarcoma of liver
Vinyl chloride
apathy
kwashiorkor
rachitic rosary or pigeon breast deformity in non-ambulatory stage
rickets…from an overgrowth of cartilage or osteoid tissue
granulomas in spleen, liver, LNs
opiates
goiter and hypothyroidism
iodine deficiency
seizures
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
Pd irregular but not gone
bulemia
IUGR
tobacco
osteoporosis
tobacco
mess w hypothalamic-pit-adrenal axis
marij: control appetite, ene balance, fertility, sex behavior
