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MOD2 > chap 9 sg/sy > Flashcards

chap 9 sg/sy Flashcards

1
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

arsenic

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2
Q

diarrhea

A
  • acetaminophen adverse rxn

- aspirin chronic toxicity

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3
Q

esophageal varices (assoc w cirrhosis)

A

chronic alchism

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4
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

A

BEnxene and 1,3-butadiene

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5
Q

severe protein deprivation that affects the visceral store of proteins in the organs like the liver more.

A

kwashiorkor

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6
Q

fatty change

A
  • chronic alchism
  • marasmus
  • kwashiorkor
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7
Q

alternating hyperpigmentation/desquamation/hypopigmentation = “flaky paint”

A

kwashiorkor

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8
Q

hypercalcemia

A

hypervitaminosis D in adults

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9
Q

Visceral protein compartment only marginally depleted = serum albumin nml

A

Maramus

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10
Q

permanent memory, vision, hearing, and speech prbs.

A

co

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11
Q

Subcut fat and m’s spared

A

kwashiorkor

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12
Q

hemorrhages and healing defects in adults.

A

vitC deficiency: scurvy

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13
Q

frontal bossing in non-ambulatory stage

A

rickets

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14
Q

cytoplasmic swelling, mito distortion, degen ER, PM breaks

A

ionizing radiation

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15
Q

increased HR, bp, angina if have CAD

A

marij

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16
Q

Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents

A

bulemia

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17
Q

loss of villi and microvilli in SI

A

kwashiorkor

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18
Q

Hypoalbuminemai → general or dependent edema (eg puffiness of face, hands, legs)

A
  • kwashiorkor

- anorexia (but no edema)

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19
Q

asthema attacks

A

sulfur dioxide; pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold; formaldehyde

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20
Q

Skin lesions

A

kwashiorkor

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21
Q

risk of non-malig resp dis

A

arsenic: if in water

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22
Q

scarring

A

opiates

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23
Q

Stunted grth in teens

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

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24
Q

xeropthalmia

A

vit A deficeincy: there is no vitA to signal to diff to epithelial cells –> keratinization, esp of lacrimal and mucus secreting epithelium –> dry conjunctiva = xerosis conjentivae

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25
Q

asthema-like

A

marij

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26
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

obesity

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27
Q

learning disabilities

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

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28
Q

brain edema

A

lead

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29
Q

cerebral palsy

A

mercury: minamata dis

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30
Q

impaired vision, esp in low light

A
  • vit A deficeincy

- zinc deficeincy

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31
Q

acute liver failure

A

acetaminophen adverse rxn: via centrilobular necrosis trom NAPQI

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32
Q

Gynecomastia

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

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33
Q

most dangerous toxin if have astehma/enphysema

A

ground level ozone bc Prod free radicals → injure epithelial cells along resp tract and typr 1 alveolar cells → release inflamm medaitors

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34
Q

bone and joint pain

A

chronic vitA toxicity

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35
Q

shock

A

acetaminophen adverse rxn

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36
Q

drowsiness

A

aspirin chronic toxicity

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37
Q

neuro impairment of baby

A

cocaine

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38
Q

deafness

A

mercury: minamata dis

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39
Q

Psych disturbances

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

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40
Q

stupor

A

-acute vitA toxicity

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41
Q

resp depression

A

opiates

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42
Q

Increased risk of hepatic adenoma

A

OC adverse rxn… only if take for prolonged pds

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43
Q

pink or mottled with blisters depending on depth and are painful.

A

partial thicknesss burn

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44
Q

hepatic steatosis

A

acute alchism

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45
Q

laryngitis

A

marij

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46
Q

euphoria

A
  • cocaine (from DA)
  • opiates
  • meth (followed by crash)
  • MDMA
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47
Q

pellagra: dementia, dermatits, diarrhea

A

niacin deficiency

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48
Q

hypocalcemic tetany

A

vitD deficiency– convulsive st from insufficient extracell Ca (req for nml m fct)

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49
Q

hyperprexia

A

cocaine: from DA

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50
Q

renal and urinary bladder stones

A

vit A deficeincy d/t Desquamation of keratin debris in the urinary tract

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51
Q

cns depression

A

co

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52
Q

Hyperkalemia, tachycardia, arrhythmias

A
  • hyperthermia: what happens 2nd
  • anorexia –> Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death
  • bulemia –> Cardiac arrhythmia
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53
Q

loss appetite

A

kwashiorkor

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54
Q

anemia

A
  • Maramus: bc bone marrow hypoplastic freom reduced # RBC precursors
  • anorexia
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55
Q

tinnitus, hearing probs

A

aspirin chronic toxicity

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56
Q

cellulitis

A

opiates

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57
Q

hyperkalemia

A

anorexia –> Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death

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58
Q

affect the spine, pelvis and tibia to casue lumbar lordosis and bowing of the legs in ambulatory stage

A

rickets

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59
Q

opportunistic infections

A

opiates: in subcut tissue, <3 valves, liver, lungs
- usu from s.aueus and fungi
- viral hep from needles

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60
Q

Obstructive lung dz

A

cadmium: caused by necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells; risk lung canc

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61
Q

Dehydration and decreased electrolytes

A

anorexia

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62
Q

peptic ulcer

A

tobacco

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63
Q

poor organizational skills

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

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64
Q

coronary artery dz

A

chronic alchism… from HTN, decreased levels of HDL (from a damaged liver)

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65
Q

segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

opiates

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66
Q

Korsakoff psychosis

A

malnutrition fron chronic alcohoolism

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67
Q

Hypoalbuminemai → general or dependent edema (eg puffiness of face, hands, legs)

A

kwashiorkor

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68
Q

dental issues

A

fluoride deficiency

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69
Q

shrinkage of LNs/spleen

A

ionizing radiation

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70
Q

interstitial fibrosis and renal failure

A

lead: chronic

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71
Q

HTN

A

cocaine

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72
Q

cutaneous lesions

A

opiates

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73
Q

Leads to pulm inflamm and secondary CV effects

A

Soot (particulate matter)

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74
Q

hoarse

A

marij

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75
Q

disrupt hormone balance

A
  • organochlorines: PCB, DDT, lindane, aldrin, diedrin

- BPA

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76
Q

lethal arrythmias

A
  • cocaine

- opiates

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77
Q

Dehydration and decreased electrolytes

A
  • anorexia

- bulemia

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78
Q

preterm births

A

tobacco

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79
Q

skin (dry and scaly) hair changes

A

anorexia– from decreased TH

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80
Q

eye irritation

A

pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold

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81
Q

risk hepatocellular carcinoma

A

chronic alchism

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82
Q

viral pneumonia

A

microbiologic agents

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83
Q

agitation

A

bath salts

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84
Q

bone pain and

A

hypervitaminosis D in adults

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85
Q

Ring sideroblasts

A

lead: (RBC precursors w/Fe laden mito)

- -> can lead to basophilic stippling

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86
Q

dilated congestive cardiomyopathy

A

chronic alchism (alcoholic cardiomyopathy

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87
Q

tobacco can cause canc of:

A

oral cavity (esp if alch too), larynx. esoph, lung, panc, bladder, cervix, bone marrow

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88
Q

rhinitis

A

pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold

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89
Q

suicide

A
  • sniffing stuff

- bath salts

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90
Q

dizziness and confusion

A
  • organic solvents: chloroform and carbon tetrachloirde;
  • aspirin chronic toxicity
  • vitA toxicity (just dizziness)
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91
Q

Depletion of subcutaneous fat in arms, chest wall, shoulders, metacarpals

A

PEM in the developed world

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92
Q

Acute and chronic pancreatitis

A

chronic alchism

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93
Q

loss of the intestinal enzymes

A

kwashiorkor: esp in disaccharidase that makes it harder for kids to respond to milk based diets.

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94
Q

Wasting f quads and deltoids

A

PEM in the developed world

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95
Q

aplastic anemia

A

high doses ionizing radiation (= failure blood ct revovery)

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96
Q

folliculitis

A

organochlorines: PCB

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97
Q

Increased MI risk

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

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98
Q

Hepatic cholestasis if receiving orally

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

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99
Q

Legionnaires dis from

A

microbiologic agents

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100
Q

mental retardation

A

mercury: minamata dis

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101
Q

bradycardia

A

anorexia– from decreased TH

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102
Q

Bone weak and vulnerable to fxs

A

osteomalacia: Usu effect vert bodies and femoral necks

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103
Q

paranoia

A
  • cocaine (from DA)

- meth

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104
Q

Papular dermatosis

A

vit A deficeincy: plugging of the adnexal gland ducts bc of hyperkeratinization of the epidermis

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105
Q

impair motor coord for 4-5 hrs

A

marij

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106
Q

paresthesia

A

arsenic

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107
Q

Ankle or sacral edema

A

PEM in the developed world

108
Q

thiamine (vit B1) deficiency→

A

chronic alchism…leads to peripheral neuropathies, Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, and optic neuropathy

109
Q

psychoses

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

110
Q

headache

A
  • aspirin chronic toxicity

- acute vitA toxicity

111
Q

Facial hair and menstral changes in women

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

112
Q

parietal bones buckle inward in non-ambulatory stage

A

rickets

113
Q

rickets

A

vitD deficiency or low Ca in diet

114
Q

resp arrest

A

acute alchism: d/t involvement of cortical neurons and lower medullary ctrs

115
Q

chloracne

A

organochlorines: PCB; =a dermatosis w acne, cyst formation, hyperpigment, hyperkeratinosis around face/ears

116
Q

osteomalacia

A

vitD deficiency or low Ca in diet

117
Q

wt loss

A

chronic vitA toxicity

118
Q

marrow aplasia

A

BEnxene and 1,3-butadiene

119
Q

ischemic changes in the CNS, esp in the basal ganglia and the lenticular nuclei

A

co

120
Q

bleeding that causes petichial hemorrhages

A

aspirin chronic toxicity

121
Q

predisposed to osteoarthritis

A

obesity

122
Q

increase bc risk after 5-6 yrs

A

estrogen-progesterone MHT adverse rxn

123
Q

single/dbl stranded breaks in DNA; deletions, translocations, fragmentationl DNA-protien cross links; aneuploidy/polyploidy

A

ionizing radiation

124
Q

bizarre behavior

A
  • mercury

- sniffing stuff

125
Q

microfractures and stresses on the weak bone

A

rickets

126
Q

osteoporosis and osteomalacia

A

cadmium: Itai-itai dz :associated with renal dz

127
Q

lead lines

A

lead duh: Lead interferes with the normal remodeling of cartilage and in the bone trabeculae in kids
*also seen in guns

128
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

mineral dusts: nonneoplastic lung dis’s

129
Q

marrow aplasia –> neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

A

ionizing radiation*

130
Q

pnemonitis/irritation of deeper airways

A

lipid soluable gasas) NO, burning plastics in thernal burn

131
Q

infertility

A

zinc deficiency

132
Q

cough

A

marij

133
Q

amenorrhea

A

anorexia

134
Q

listlessness

A

kwashiorkor

135
Q

severe protein deprivation that affects (vai catabolism and depletion) the somatic store of proteins in skeletal muscle

A

Maramus

136
Q

cerebral atrophy

A

babies born to moms w PEM

137
Q

square head in non-ambulatory stage

A

rickets

138
Q

Af children weaned too early and fed a card diet

From fad diets in US

A

kwashiorkor

139
Q

numbness

A

arsenic

140
Q

confusion

A

meth

141
Q

endothelial cells of vessels swollen and necrosis and dissolution of the walls

A

ionizing radiation: with more time or exposure

142
Q

Increase CAD if older than 35 and smoke

A

OC adverse rxn

143
Q

amb drug metabolism

A

organochlorines: PCB

144
Q

lung canc from

A

radon

145
Q

dilated vessles

A

ionizing radiation: right after exposure

146
Q

sedation

A

opiates

147
Q

inflamm and swelling of upper airways from /partia/-complete obstruction

A

from (water soluable gases) Cl, sulfur oxides, ammonia may react w water to form acids or alkalis in thermal burn

148
Q

slow fx healing

A

lead: increasing chondrogenesis and delaying cartilage mineralization.

149
Q

gastritis and ulceration

A
  • acute and chronic alchism

- aspirin chronic toxicity

150
Q

CAD

A

obesity: from Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL

151
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

hyperthermia or malig hyperthermia

152
Q

severe pulm edema

A

opiates

153
Q

ulcerations

A

opiates

154
Q

Proximal tubular damage associated with intranuclear inclusions of protein aggregate

A

lead

155
Q

alternating hyperpigmentation/desquamation/hypopigmentation = “flaky paint”

A

kwashiorkor

156
Q

predispose to lung infections

A
  • wood smoke

- vit A deficiency bc epithelium undergoes squamous metaplasia –> loss mucociliary epithelium

157
Q

nuclear swelling; clumping of chromos; disruption nuc mem

A

ionizing radiation

158
Q

mucosal atrophy of SI

A

kwashiorkor

159
Q

blindness

A
  • lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
  • mercury
  • vit A deficeincy
160
Q

coma

A
  • lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl;
  • organic solvents: chloroform and carbon tetrachloirde
  • aspirin chronic toxicity
161
Q

Generalized vasodilation, peripheral pooling of blood, and decreased effective circulating volume.

A

hyperthermia: what happens first

162
Q

bronchitis

A

marij

163
Q

death after surgery

A

PEM in the developed world

164
Q

emaciated extremities (head appears too lg for body

A

Maramus: M and subcutaneous fat used for fuel

165
Q

Overgrowth of epiphyseal cartilage and failure for them to mature,

A

rickets

166
Q

tahycardia

A

cocaine

167
Q

fetal hypoxia

A

cocaine

168
Q

3-6x risk venous thrombosis and PE

A

OC adverse rxn…d/t hypercoag st from induced by hepatic synth of coag factors

169
Q

hard breathing

A

sulfur dioxide; formaldehyde

170
Q

tubulointerstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis

A

analgesic nephrophathy.: Mixtures of aspirin and acetaminophen when taken over several years can cause

171
Q

systemic atherosclerosis –>MI

A

tobacco: bc decreased O2 supply, but increased demand

- multiplicative when combined w HTN and hypercholest

172
Q

keratomalacia

A

vit A deficeincy..erosion of roughened corneal surface and softening/destruction of the cornea

173
Q

septic embolism from endocarditis

A

opiates

174
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)

A

obesity

175
Q

infections after a burn from…

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA (methicillin-reisstant S.aureus), and Candida species of fungi

176
Q

chronic bronchitis, emphysema, COPD

A

tobacco

177
Q

vasoconstriction

A

cocaine

178
Q

white or charred, dry, and painless burn

A

full thickness burn

179
Q

cardiac arrest

A

opiates

180
Q

renal tubular damage that can lead to end-stage renal dz.

A

cadmium

181
Q

increased bone loss and hip fractures

A

VitD insufficiency = milder form of deficiency

182
Q

tremors

A

mercury

183
Q

acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

zinc deficiency: rash around eyes, mouth, nose, anus

184
Q

less myelinization

A

babies born to moms w PEM

185
Q

spont abort

A
  • tobacco

- cocaine

186
Q

Mortality from atrophy of diaphragm/resp m’s

A

Cachexia: canc deaths

187
Q

<3dis

A

BPA, in adults

188
Q

Demyelination of the cerebral and cerebellar white matter

A

lead

189
Q

bleeding or embolus

A

adverse rxn from anticoag

190
Q

psychosis

A

bath salts

191
Q

Bitot’s spots

A

vit A deficeincy.. from the build up of keratin plaques

192
Q

fewer neurons

A

babies born to moms w PEM

193
Q

lymphopenia

A
  • ionizing radiation*

- anorexia

194
Q

increases VTE in 1st 2 yrs

A

MHT adverse rxn (have to have other factor too)

195
Q

giant cells w plieomorphic nuc

A

ionizing radiation

196
Q

constipation

A

anorexia– from decreased TH

197
Q

Enlargement and lateral expansion of osteochonral jct

A

rickets

198
Q

amyloidosis

A

opiates

199
Q

Deposition osteoid matris on inadequately mineralized cartilaginous remnants

A

rickets

200
Q

violent behaviors

A
  • meth

- sniffing stuff

201
Q

metastatic calcifications of soft tissues like the kidney.

A

hypervitaminosis D in kids

202
Q

occipital bones flattening in non-ambulatory stage

A

rickets

203
Q

Acne

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

204
Q

cold

A

microbiologic agents

205
Q

Hemolytic anemia if have G6PD

A

vitC toxicity

206
Q

bone dz in growing kids

A

vitC deficiency: scurvy

207
Q

somnolence

A

opiates

208
Q

wrist drop

A

lead: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in adults, esp in the motor nerves of commonly used muscles

209
Q

Esophageal and gastric rupture

A

bulemia

210
Q

nausea

A
  • acetaminophen adverse rxn
  • aspirin chronic toxicity
  • chronic vitA toxicity
211
Q

gout

A

lead: decreased uric acid excretion

212
Q

disordered cortical/motor/intellectual behavior

A

acute alchism

213
Q

cherry-red color of the skin and mucous membranes.

A

co

214
Q

hyperpigmentation

A
  • arsenic

- opiates

215
Q

spinocerebellar degen

A

vit E deficiency

216
Q

Testes atrophy

A

anabolic steroids adverse rxn

217
Q

Ca oxalate kdney stones

A

vitC toxicity

218
Q

pain

A

arsenic

219
Q

perforated septum

A

cocaine

220
Q

blurred vision

A
  • acute vitA toxicity
221
Q

nuclear pyknosis and lysis

A

ionizing radiation

222
Q

hyalinization and thickening of bv intima

A

ionizing radiation

223
Q

retarded psychomotor dev

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

224
Q

vomiting

A
  • acetaminophen adverse rxn
  • aspirin chronic toxicity
  • acute and chronic vitA toxicity
225
Q

hypersomnolence

A

obesity

226
Q

foot drop

A

lead: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in adults, esp in the motor nerves of commonly used muscles

227
Q

Iron overload

A

vitC toxicity

228
Q

alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis

A

chronic alchism

229
Q

major CNS defects for fetuses

A

mercury: minamata dis

230
Q

tumors on palms and soles

A

arsenic

231
Q

impaired wound healing,

A

PEM in the developed world

232
Q

sepsis

A

PEM in the developed world

233
Q

fibrosis in lungs, GI, gonads

A

ionizing radiation

234
Q

hyperactivity

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

235
Q

CNS depressant

A

acute alchism

236
Q

microcytic hypochromic anemia

A
  • Lead: inhibits δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase (involved in heme synthesis)
  • iron deficiency
237
Q

dementia

A
  • tobacco

- sniffing stuff

238
Q

subtle deficits in IQ

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

239
Q

severe, generalized abdominal pain.

A

lead colic

240
Q

anemia

A

Maramus

241
Q

lung abcess

A

opiates

242
Q

alch increases risk of these cancs…

A

Increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and breast in women.

243
Q

m weak, neuro defects, abn collagen crosslinking

A

copper deficiency

244
Q

burning nose/throat

A

sulfur dioxide; formaldehyde

245
Q

T-cell mediated immune deficiency → infections → addl nutritional demands

A

Maramus, kwashiorkor

246
Q

hallucinations

A
  • opiates

- meth

247
Q

gingivitis

A

mercury

248
Q

myocardial ischemia –> MI

A

cocaine

249
Q

Causes coma/death in 5 mins

A

co

250
Q

CNS issues

A

lead: (more in kids) bc NTs inhibited bc of Ca homeostasis disruption

251
Q

cataracts

A

tobacco

252
Q

distort sensory info

A

marij

253
Q

Cold intolerance

A

anorexia– from decreased TH

254
Q

decrease in the mitotic index in the crypts

A

kwashiorkor

255
Q

reduced risk atherosclerosis and CAD if younger than 60

A

MHT addl rxn

256
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

malnutrition fron chronic alcohoolism

257
Q

anorexia and diarrhea

A

zinc deficiency

258
Q

angiosarcoma of liver

A

Vinyl chloride

259
Q

apathy

A

kwashiorkor

260
Q

rachitic rosary or pigeon breast deformity in non-ambulatory stage

A

rickets…from an overgrowth of cartilage or osteoid tissue

261
Q

granulomas in spleen, liver, LNs

A

opiates

262
Q

goiter and hypothyroidism

A

iodine deficiency

263
Q

seizures

A

lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl

264
Q

Pd irregular but not gone

A

bulemia

265
Q

IUGR

A

tobacco

266
Q

osteoporosis

A

tobacco

267
Q

mess w hypothalamic-pit-adrenal axis

A

marij: control appetite, ene balance, fertility, sex behavior

MOD2 (11 decks)

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