chap 6 ex's Flashcards
inflamm from chronic cvsititis causes (&via)
bladder carcinoma via schistosomiasis
Neuroblastomas spread to
liver and bones
Bronchiogenic carcinomas tend to spread to
adrenals and brain
epigenetic change that causes follicular lymphoma
histone methylation of MLL2
inflamm from IBD causes
colorectal canc
tumors from chronic inflamm are usu
carcinomas, but can be mesotheliomas and lymphomas
precursor lesion of Pernicious anemia or chronic atrophic gastritis gives evidence to…
Colonic metaplasia of the stomach
tumors that express PRPTH
o Breast (PTHRP prod exacerbated by osteolytic bone metastases o Lung (sq cell carcinoma) o Kidney o Ovary.
nickel causes
lung and oropharyngeal carcinoma
Improper usage of nomenclature for malignant tumors
Lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, and seminoma (sound benign but are malig)
precursor lesion of GERD (barret esoph) gives evidence to…
Gastric and colonic metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa
use cytokeratins (IF) in an immunohostochemistry method for
epithelial carcinomas (to determine undiff malig tumors)
cancers related to total UV exposure vs those related to great amounts of UV intermittently (sunbathing)
o Non-melanoma cancers are related to total UV exposure,
melanomas are related to great amounts of UV intermittently (sunbathing)
precursor lesion of smoking gives evidence to…
Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial mucosa
clonality
o If B cell tumor (lymphoma/leukemia), the igs are always monoclonal
• If polyclonal, not a neoplasi
2 cancers that are mostly d/t genetics:
panc and bone cancers
H pylori causes
gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma
arsenic causes
lung and skin carcinoma
inflamm from gastritis/ulcers causes (&via)
gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma cia H pylori
Common epithelia cancers of adults for: • Skin • Head and neck • Saliv galnds • Lung • Liver/GB • Panc • Stomach • Adrenal • GI tract • Femals GU • Male GU
- Skin: squamous and basal cell cancs
- Head and neck: HPV
- Saliv galnds: pleiomorphic adenomoas
- Lung: squamous and small cell cancers
- Liver/GB: hepatocellular carcinomas/cholangeocarcinomas
- Panc: adenocarcinomas:
- Stomach: adenocarcinomas
- Adrenal : adrenal cortical carcinomas, pheochromocytomas
- GI tract: colon cnacers, adenocarconimas from polyps
- Femals GU: endometrium, cervix, ovaries
- Male GU:germ cell tumors: 15-34
chromium causes
lung carcinoma
ex of displasia
CIS
onco-miRNAs:
represses the expression of tumor suppressor genes = promote tumor
o miRNA-200: induce invasiveness and metastasisa of epithelial-mesenchymal tumors
o miRNA-144: overexpressed in B cell lymphomas, and indirectly upregulates MYC
lowest vulnerability tissues to ionizing radiation
skin, GI, bone
most common canc in kids
acute lymphocyte leukemai
-check for this if have thrombocytopenia
inflamm from pancreatitis causes (&via)
panc carcinoma via alch
use thyroglobulin in an immunohostochemistry method for
thyroid carcinomas (to determine site of origin of metastatic tumors)
Breast cancer often spreads to
the bone.
oncogenic RNA viruses
HTLV-1
beryllium causes
lung carcinoma
cancs that present w fever
B-cell tumor
some solid tumors too like renal cell carcinoma
precursor lesion of Sustained estrogen stimulation of the endometrium gives evidence to…
Endometrial hyperplasia
precursor lesion of Schistosomiasis infection gives evidence to…
Squamous metaplasia of the gastric mucosa
most common way for sarcomas to spread
hematogenous
abestos causes
lung, esoph, gastric, colon carcinoma; mesothelioma
Vertebral mets of carcinomas of the thyroid and prostate commonly embolize through
the paravertebral plexus.
intermediate vulnerability tissues to ionizing radiation
breast, lung, saliv gland
epigenetic change that causes acute leukemia in infants
histone methylation of MLL1
benign epithelial tumors
- adenoma
- papilloma
- cystadenoma
- cystadenofirbroma
- papillary cystadenoma
- polyp
most common solid tumor in males 15-34
testicular tumor
carcinomas that seed into the peritoneal space
ovarian carcinomas and mucus secreting appendiceal carcinomas
precursor lesion of Colonic villous adenoma gives evidence to…
Leads to cancer if untreated about half the time
cancs related to sun exposure
basal cell carcinoma; squamous cancer of the skin; malig melanoma
common ex of teratoma
ovarian cystic teratoma
most common malig:
basal cell carcinoma
use desmins (IF) in an immunohostochemistry method for
m canc(to determine undiff malig tumors)
canc that has reduced apop
b-cell lymphomas: over expression of BCL
radon causes
lung carcinoma
systemic neoplasms
leukemias and lymphomas
inflamm from opisthorchis, cholangitis causes (&via)
cholangiocarcinoma and colon carcinoma via liver flukes
which tumors can have hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
lung carcinoma
malig tumors that metastasize infreq
gliomas and basal cell carcinomas
oncogenic DNA viruses
o (not HIV bc these are transforming viruses: they actively transform the cells they invade: HIV invades T4 cells byt neoplasms that occur are not in those T cells) o HBV o Merkel cell polyoma virus o Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) o HPV o EBV o HBV o Helicobacter pylori
inflamm from hepatitis causes (&via)
hepatocellylar carcinoma via Hep B/C
the usual adenocarcinomas
bc and colon canc
vinyl chloride causes
hepatic angiosarcoma
ex of metaplasia
resp epithelium in smokers
most vulnerable tissues to ionizing radiation
leukemias and cancs of thyroid
cancs assoc w DIC
acute promyelocytic leukemia and prostatic adenocarcinoma (a paraneoplastic synd)
carcinomas that exhibit migratory thrombophlebitis
deep-seated carcinomas of the pancreas or lung.(a paraneoplastic synd)
inflamm from osteomylitis causes (&via)
carcinoma in draining tissues via bac infections
epigenetic change that causes malig rhabdoid tumomr
nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling of SNF5
inflamm from reflux esophagitis and baretts esoph causes (&via)
esoph carcinoma via gastric acid
which systems rarely have secondary deposits of the tumor
Skeletal muscles and the spleen , even though they receive a lot of CO
cells that not undergo malig transformation
<3, n
inflamm from chronic cervicitis causes (&via)
cervical carcinoma via HPV
inflamm from lichen sclerosis causes
vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
inflamm from chronic cholecystitis causes (&via)
gall bladder canc via bile acids, bac, gb stones
tumors that express fox P3
ATLL from HTLV-1
Hepatocellular carcinomas often penetrate
portal and hepatic radicles to grow within them into the main venous channels.
cadmium causes
prostate carcinoma
inflamm from shogren synd and hashimotos causes
MALT lymphoma
Proliferative pool
As the tumor cell pop expands, a progressively higher % of cells leave the replicating cellular pool to die, become senescent, or diff
most common way for carcinomas to spread
lymphatics
use PSA in an immunohostochemistry method for
prostate carcinomas (to determine site of origin of metastatic tumors)
Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades
the branches of the renal vein → renal vein → up the IVC → sometimes go to the heart.
ex of paraneoplastic endocrinopathy
Cushing synd:pts with this syndrome have small cell carcinoma of the lung where the tumor produces lots of POMC (precursor) and thus corticotropin
o POMC overproduction not found in serum of pts w excess corticotropin prod by the pituitary
benzene causes
acute myeliod leukemia
benign tumor that not have a capsule
hemangioma
precursor lesion of Leukoplakia gives evidence to…
squamous carcinoma
use CD20 in an immunohostochemistry method for
B cell tumors(to determine undiff malig tumors)
genetic lesion that causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia in adults
Deletions of miRNA-15 and 16
