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MOD2 > chap 6 ex's > Flashcards

chap 6 ex's Flashcards

1
Q

inflamm from chronic cvsititis causes (&via)

A

bladder carcinoma via schistosomiasis

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2
Q

Neuroblastomas spread to

A

liver and bones

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3
Q

Bronchiogenic carcinomas tend to spread to

A

adrenals and brain

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4
Q

epigenetic change that causes follicular lymphoma

A

histone methylation of MLL2

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5
Q

inflamm from IBD causes

A

colorectal canc

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6
Q

tumors from chronic inflamm are usu

A

carcinomas, but can be mesotheliomas and lymphomas

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7
Q

precursor lesion of Pernicious anemia or chronic atrophic gastritis gives evidence to…

A

Colonic metaplasia of the stomach

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8
Q

tumors that express PRPTH

A 
o	Breast (PTHRP prod exacerbated by osteolytic bone metastases
o	Lung (sq cell carcinoma)
o	Kidney
o	Ovary.
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9
Q

nickel causes

A

lung and oropharyngeal carcinoma

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10
Q

Improper usage of nomenclature for malignant tumors

A

Lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, and seminoma (sound benign but are malig)

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11
Q

precursor lesion of GERD (barret esoph) gives evidence to…

A

Gastric and colonic metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa

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12
Q

use cytokeratins (IF) in an immunohostochemistry method for

A

epithelial carcinomas (to determine undiff malig tumors)

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13
Q

cancers related to total UV exposure vs those related to great amounts of UV intermittently (sunbathing)

A

o Non-melanoma cancers are related to total UV exposure,

melanomas are related to great amounts of UV intermittently (sunbathing)

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14
Q

precursor lesion of smoking gives evidence to…

A

Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial mucosa

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15
Q

clonality

A

o If B cell tumor (lymphoma/leukemia), the igs are always monoclonal
• If polyclonal, not a neoplasi

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16
Q

2 cancers that are mostly d/t genetics:

A

panc and bone cancers

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17
Q

H pylori causes

A

gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma

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18
Q

arsenic causes

A

lung and skin carcinoma

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19
Q

inflamm from gastritis/ulcers causes (&via)

A

gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma cia H pylori

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20
Q 
Common epithelia cancers of adults for:
•	Skin
•	Head and neck
•	Saliv galnds
•	Lung
•	Liver/GB
•	Panc
•	Stomach
•	Adrenal
•	GI tract
•	Femals GU
•	Male GU
A
  • Skin: squamous and basal cell cancs
  • Head and neck: HPV
  • Saliv galnds: pleiomorphic adenomoas
  • Lung: squamous and small cell cancers
  • Liver/GB: hepatocellular carcinomas/cholangeocarcinomas
  • Panc: adenocarcinomas:
  • Stomach: adenocarcinomas
  • Adrenal : adrenal cortical carcinomas, pheochromocytomas
  • GI tract: colon cnacers, adenocarconimas from polyps
  • Femals GU: endometrium, cervix, ovaries
  • Male GU:germ cell tumors: 15-34
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21
Q

chromium causes

A

lung carcinoma

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22
Q

ex of displasia

A

CIS

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23
Q

onco-miRNAs:

A

represses the expression of tumor suppressor genes = promote tumor
o miRNA-200: induce invasiveness and metastasisa of epithelial-mesenchymal tumors
o miRNA-144: overexpressed in B cell lymphomas, and indirectly upregulates MYC

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24
Q

lowest vulnerability tissues to ionizing radiation

A

skin, GI, bone

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25
Q

most common canc in kids

A

acute lymphocyte leukemai

-check for this if have thrombocytopenia

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26
Q

inflamm from pancreatitis causes (&via)

A

panc carcinoma via alch

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27
Q

use thyroglobulin in an immunohostochemistry method for

A

thyroid carcinomas (to determine site of origin of metastatic tumors)

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28
Q

Breast cancer often spreads to

A

the bone.

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29
Q

oncogenic RNA viruses

A

HTLV-1

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30
Q

beryllium causes

A

lung carcinoma

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31
Q

cancs that present w fever

A

B-cell tumor

some solid tumors too like renal cell carcinoma

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32
Q

precursor lesion of Sustained estrogen stimulation of the endometrium gives evidence to…

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

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33
Q

precursor lesion of Schistosomiasis infection gives evidence to…

A

Squamous metaplasia of the gastric mucosa

34
Q

most common way for sarcomas to spread

A

hematogenous

35
Q

abestos causes

A

lung, esoph, gastric, colon carcinoma; mesothelioma

36
Q

Vertebral mets of carcinomas of the thyroid and prostate commonly embolize through

A

the paravertebral plexus.

37
Q

intermediate vulnerability tissues to ionizing radiation

A

breast, lung, saliv gland

38
Q

epigenetic change that causes acute leukemia in infants

A

histone methylation of MLL1

39
Q

benign epithelial tumors

A
  • adenoma
  • papilloma
  • cystadenoma
  • cystadenofirbroma
  • papillary cystadenoma
  • polyp
40
Q

most common solid tumor in males 15-34

A

testicular tumor

41
Q

carcinomas that seed into the peritoneal space

A

ovarian carcinomas and mucus secreting appendiceal carcinomas

42
Q

precursor lesion of Colonic villous adenoma gives evidence to…

A

Leads to cancer if untreated about half the time

43
Q

cancs related to sun exposure

A

basal cell carcinoma; squamous cancer of the skin; malig melanoma

44
Q

common ex of teratoma

A

ovarian cystic teratoma

45
Q

most common malig:

A

basal cell carcinoma

46
Q

use desmins (IF) in an immunohostochemistry method for

A

m canc(to determine undiff malig tumors)

47
Q

canc that has reduced apop

A

b-cell lymphomas: over expression of BCL

48
Q

radon causes

A

lung carcinoma

49
Q

systemic neoplasms

A

leukemias and lymphomas

50
Q

inflamm from opisthorchis, cholangitis causes (&via)

A

cholangiocarcinoma and colon carcinoma via liver flukes

51
Q

which tumors can have hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

A

lung carcinoma

52
Q

malig tumors that metastasize infreq

A

gliomas and basal cell carcinomas

53
Q

oncogenic DNA viruses

A 
o	(not HIV bc these are transforming viruses: they actively transform the cells they invade: HIV invades T4 cells byt neoplasms that occur are not in those T cells)
o	HBV
o	Merkel cell polyoma virus
o	Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8)	
o	HPV
o	EBV
o	HBV 
o	Helicobacter pylori
54
Q

inflamm from hepatitis causes (&via)

A

hepatocellylar carcinoma via Hep B/C

55
Q

the usual adenocarcinomas

A

bc and colon canc

56
Q

vinyl chloride causes

A

hepatic angiosarcoma

57
Q

ex of metaplasia

A

resp epithelium in smokers

58
Q

most vulnerable tissues to ionizing radiation

A

leukemias and cancs of thyroid

59
Q

cancs assoc w DIC

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia and prostatic adenocarcinoma (a paraneoplastic synd)

60
Q

carcinomas that exhibit migratory thrombophlebitis

A

deep-seated carcinomas of the pancreas or lung.(a paraneoplastic synd)

61
Q

inflamm from osteomylitis causes (&via)

A

carcinoma in draining tissues via bac infections

62
Q

epigenetic change that causes malig rhabdoid tumomr

A

nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling of SNF5

63
Q

inflamm from reflux esophagitis and baretts esoph causes (&via)

A

esoph carcinoma via gastric acid

64
Q

which systems rarely have secondary deposits of the tumor

A

Skeletal muscles and the spleen , even though they receive a lot of CO

65
Q

cells that not undergo malig transformation

A

<3, n

66
Q

inflamm from chronic cervicitis causes (&via)

A

cervical carcinoma via HPV

67
Q

inflamm from lichen sclerosis causes

A

vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

68
Q

inflamm from chronic cholecystitis causes (&via)

A

gall bladder canc via bile acids, bac, gb stones

69
Q

tumors that express fox P3

A

ATLL from HTLV-1

70
Q

Hepatocellular carcinomas often penetrate

A

portal and hepatic radicles to grow within them into the main venous channels.

71
Q

cadmium causes

A

prostate carcinoma

72
Q

inflamm from shogren synd and hashimotos causes

A

MALT lymphoma

73
Q

Proliferative pool

A

As the tumor cell pop expands, a progressively higher % of cells leave the replicating cellular pool to die, become senescent, or diff

74
Q

most common way for carcinomas to spread

A

lymphatics

75
Q

use PSA in an immunohostochemistry method for

A

prostate carcinomas (to determine site of origin of metastatic tumors)

76
Q

Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades

A

the branches of the renal vein → renal vein → up the IVC → sometimes go to the heart.

77
Q

ex of paraneoplastic endocrinopathy

A

Cushing synd:pts with this syndrome have small cell carcinoma of the lung where the tumor produces lots of POMC (precursor) and thus corticotropin
o POMC overproduction not found in serum of pts w excess corticotropin prod by the pituitary

78
Q

benzene causes

A

acute myeliod leukemia

79
Q

benign tumor that not have a capsule

A

hemangioma

80
Q

precursor lesion of Leukoplakia gives evidence to…

A

squamous carcinoma

81
Q

use CD20 in an immunohostochemistry method for

A

B cell tumors(to determine undiff malig tumors)

82
Q

genetic lesion that causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia in adults

A

Deletions of miRNA-15 and 16

MOD2 (11 decks)

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