Chap 9 Flashcards
muscle increases in size in response to exercise is called;
hypertrophies
muscle that is not used decrease in size called;
atrophies
general terms for connective tissue sheets;
fascia
3 muscle types;
- cardiac
- skeletal
- smooth
cylindrical, branched/intercalated cells with a single centrally located nucleus;
cardiac muscle cells
- spindle-shaped cells with a single centrally located nucleus
- gap junction join them together
- autorhythmic
smooth muscle cells
long, cylindrical cells with many peripherally located nuclei;
skeletal muscle cells
sodium-potassium pump;
- pumps sodium out of the cell against its concentration gradient
- uses ATP
ability of muscle to recoil to its original length after been stretched;
elasticity
ability of muscle to respond to stimulus;
excitability
ability of muscle to stretch beyond its normal length and still be able to contract;
extensibility
heavy connective tissue layer surrounding each fasciculus;
perimyseum
dense collagenous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle;
epimysium
dense irregular collagenous connective tissue that separates and compartmentalizes individual muscles or groups of muscles;
fascia
4 property of muscle;
- contractility
- excitability
- extensibility
- elasticity
- contractility =
ability of a muscle to shorten with force
- excitability =
capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus
- extensibility =
muscle can be stretched to its normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree
- elasticity =
ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched
when cell is “polarized” =
there is a difference in the charge between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid surrounding it.
type of muscle found in the wall of blood vessels=
smooth muscle
resting cell is more ______ than the extra cellular.
negative
single action potential;
- limited Na+ channels open and Na+ moves into the cell
- threshold reached
- more Na+ channels open and Na+ moves into the cell
- depolarization
- K+ channels open and K+ leaves the cell
- repolarization
Na+ flow into the cell if;
P.277
- cytoplasm is very negative (-70mv), extracellular is positive
- concentration of Na+ is higher in the extracellular fluid than in the cytoplasm
cell bodies of motor neurons are located in;
brain and spinal cord
a single very long (can be 30cm) cylindrical cell with many peripherally located nucleus =
skeletal muscle fiber