chap 8 (vitamins) Flashcards
Does vitamins yield energy
no because micronutrient don’t yield energy
source of micronutrients
food + supplements
which method detect nutrient discrepancies first
Biochemical tests usually detect nutrient discrepancies before altered anthropometrics and clinical
signs & symptoms appear.
direct assessment of nutrient status
biopsy, blood test
indirect assessment of nutrient status
dietary
how munch vitamins has been identified and is negligible losses where
13, sweat
is vitamins part of body mass
no
vitamins are typically classified according to
solubility, physiological
which vitamins are fat-soluble -> where are they absorbed, carateristic of transport, where are they store and what happen in case of deficiencies
A,D,E,K
-liver and fat in lymph (slower)
- carrier needed
- store in fat, liver, cell membrane (daily intake not required)
- increqase risk toxicity
which vitamins are water-soluble -> absorption, transport, storage, deficiencies&toxicitie
C, B-complex
- water into blood (rapid)
- free carrier
- not stored: excess excreted in urine *except B12
- increase risk deficiency
which one between fat soluble or water soluble take most time to be absorbed
fat
This ability to store fat-soluble vitamins helps the body to guard against
defiency
what are the physiological function of vitamins
- vitamins related to energy metabolism
- vitamins needed for red blood cell formations
- vitamins associated with antioxidant function
- vitamins needed for growth and development
can water and fat soluble vitamins be in the same category
yes if classified according to physiological function
what does enrichment means on food label
adding back of nutrients that were lost
during processing
what does fortification means on food label
addition of nutrients that are not found
in original food
advantage and disadvantage of vitamins supplement
A: used to prevent and treat nutrient deficiencies
D: underlying problem -> poor diet
There are a number of ways in which exercise could alter vitamin requirements, including
- decrease absorption from the GI tract
- increased loss via sweat or urine
- increased utilization due to the stress of exercise
- increased need associated with large gains and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass
Factors for low vitamin intake in
athletes
- Low fruit & vegetable intake
- Low fat diets
- Caloric restriction
what is a mild deficiency of nutrients
poor intake or good intake but poor absorption
what is a subclinical (moderate) deficiency of nutrient
initial decline in vitamin-related enzyme ( rarely mesure outside the research setting) -> no medical sign of disease
what is a clinical deficiency (severe)
specific symptom of the vitamin deficiency disease -> medical sign and symptom of disease
an increase in utilization does/does not
necessarily mean an increase in dietary need.
does not -> because the body has so many adaptive mechanism in responses to exercise
Exercise may increase
the requirements for which vitamin
vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin
which vitamin act as antioxidant
E,C,A
If poor intake or absorption is not reversed or resolved, a _ can develop over time.
subclinical deficiency
is blood test good to know the amount of vitamins
no because it does not reflect the amount stored in the body
