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Chemistry form 4 > chap 8 - manufactured substances in the industry > Flashcards

chap 8 - manufactured substances in the industry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the definition of alloy

A

alloy is a mixture of two or more elements where the main element is a metal

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2
Q

why is alloy x stronger than pure x (3m)

A
  • different sizes of atoms
  • interupt orderly arrangement
  • harder to slide over one another when force is applied
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3
Q

what is the composition of duralumin

A

aluminium
copper
magnesium
manganese

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4
Q

what are the properties of duralumin

A

stronger than pure aluminium
low density
does not rust

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5
Q

what is duralumin used for

A

body of aeroplanes
electric cables
racing bicycles

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6
Q

what is the composition of bronze

A

copper

tin

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7
Q

what are the properties of bronze

A

stronger than pure copper
does not rust
shiny

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8
Q

what is bronze used for

A

medals
monuments
trophies

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9
Q

what is the composition of brass

A

copper

zinc

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10
Q

what is brass used for

A

musical instruments
doorknobs
keys

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11
Q

what is the composition of steel

A

iron

carbon

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12
Q

what are the properties of steel

A

also known as carbon steel
stronger and harder
malleable
three types, low carbon, average carbon and high carbon

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13
Q

what is steel used for

A

structure of buildings
railway tracks
body of cars

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14
Q

what is the composition of stainless steel

A

iron
chromium
nickel
carbon

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15
Q

what are the properties of stainless steel

A

stronger than pure iron

resistant to corrosion

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16
Q

what is stainless steel used for

A

sinks
cutlery
surgical instruments

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17
Q

what is the composition of pewter

A

tin
antimony
copper

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18
Q

what are the properties of pewter

A

stronger than pure tin
does not rust
shiny

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19
Q

what is the function of pewter

A

decorative instruments
trophies
souvenirs

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20
Q

what is glass made out of

A

silica

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21
Q

what are the properties of glass 6m

A 
hard but brittle
chemically inert
transparent
waterproof
heat insulator
electrical insulator
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22
Q

name 4 types of glass

A

fused silica glass
soda lime glass
borosilicate glass
lead crystal glass

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23
Q

what is the composition of fused silica glass

A

silica without anything else

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24
Q

what are the properties of fused silica glass

A

high melting point

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25
Q

what is fused silica glass suitable for

A

making telescope lens

26
Q

what is the composition of soda lime glass

A

silica, soda, limestone

27
Q

what are the properties of soda lime glass

A

low melting point (because of soda)
easily moulded
cannot withstand high temperature

28
Q

what is soda lime glass used for

A

glass containers

29
Q

what is the composition of borosilicate glass

A

silica, soda, limestone, boron oxide, aluminium oxide

30
Q

what are the properties of borosilicate glass

A

do not crack easily

31
Q

what is borosilicate glass used for

A

laboratory glassware

32
Q

what is the composition of lead crystal glass

A

silica, soda, lead oxide

33
Q

what is the property of lead crystal glass

A

high refractive index

34
Q

what is lead crystal glass used for

A

prisms

35
Q

what is a ceramic

A

ceramic is a solid made out of inorganic and non-metallic substances

36
Q

how is ceramic produced

A

ceramic is produced through the process of shaping and hardening by using heating technique at a high temperature

37
Q

what are the properties of ceramics

A 
high thermal resistant
break easily
chemically inert
electrical insulator
hard and strong
heat insulator
38
Q

what are the effects of strong covalent and ionic bonds in ceramics 4m

A

only melt at very high temperatures
hard and resistant to compression
atoms cannot slide over each other because of strong bond in indefinite arrangement
brittle and weak towards stretching

39
Q

name two types of ceramics

A

traditional ceramics

advanced ceramics

40
Q

what are traditional ceramics made out of

A

clay such as kaolin

41
Q

what are traditional ceramics used to make

A

bricks, pottery, crockery

42
Q

what is advanced ceramics made out of

A

inorganic compounds such as oxides, carbides, nitrides.

43
Q

what are the properties of advanced ceramics

A

higher resistance to heat and abrasion
more chemically inert
superconductivity properties

44
Q

example of advanced ceramic

A

silicon carbide

45
Q

name example of ceramic uses in medicine

A

zirconia ceramic is used in dental implants
alumina ceramic is used ti make knee bone
ceramic is used in MRI machines because its superconductivity properties

46
Q

name example of ceramic uses in transportation

A

engine components in jet planes

47
Q

name example of ceramic uses in energy production

A

ceramic is used to make electrical insulators in high voltage areas such as power stations

48
Q

what is a composite material

A

a composite material is a material made from combining two or more non-homogenous substances, that is matrix substance and strengthening substance. the matrix substance surrounds and binds the strengthening substance together.

49
Q

name examples of composite materials (5m)

A 
reinforced concrete
fibre glass
optical fibre
photochromic glass
superconductors
50
Q

how is reinforced concrete produced

A

reinforced concrete is produced when steel bars or wire mesh is immersed in concrete

51
Q

what is reinforced concrete used for

A

construction of bridges, buildings

52
Q

how is fibre glass produced

A

plastic is strengthened with glass fibres

53
Q

what is fibre glass used for

A

it is used to make helmets, car bumpers, printed circuit boards.

54
Q

how is photochromic glass formed

A

photochromic glass is formed when glass is combined with silver chloride and copper(I) chloride

55
Q

what is the property of photochromic glass

A

when exposed to sunlight, photochromic glass darkens
in dim light, photochromic glass becomes transparent again

photochromic glass protects users from UV rays

56
Q

what is photochromic glass used for

A

it is used for car windows, camera lenses, building windows

57
Q

what are superconductors

A

is a composite material that has superconductivity properties other than alloys

58
Q

what are superconductors used for

A

electromagnets

that are used in MRI

59
Q

what is the innermost layer of optical fibre

A

silica glass fibres

60
Q

what is the second layer of optical glass fibre made out of

A

glass or plastic

Chemistry form 4 (8 decks)

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