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Chemistry form 4 > chap 8 - manufactured substances in the industry > Flashcards

chap 8 - manufactured substances in the industry Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of alloy

A

alloy is a mixture of two or more elements where the main element is a metal

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2
Q

why is alloy x stronger than pure x (3m)

A
  • different sizes of atoms
  • interupt orderly arrangement
  • harder to slide over one another when force is applied
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3
Q

what is the composition of duralumin

A

aluminium
copper
magnesium
manganese

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4
Q

what are the properties of duralumin

A

stronger than pure aluminium
low density
does not rust

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5
Q

what is duralumin used for

A

body of aeroplanes
electric cables
racing bicycles

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6
Q

what is the composition of bronze

A

copper

tin

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7
Q

what are the properties of bronze

A

stronger than pure copper
does not rust
shiny

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8
Q

what is bronze used for

A

medals
monuments
trophies

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9
Q

what is the composition of brass

A

copper

zinc

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10
Q

what is brass used for

A

musical instruments
doorknobs
keys

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11
Q

what is the composition of steel

A

iron

carbon

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12
Q

what are the properties of steel

A

also known as carbon steel
stronger and harder
malleable
three types, low carbon, average carbon and high carbon

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13
Q

what is steel used for

A

structure of buildings
railway tracks
body of cars

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14
Q

what is the composition of stainless steel

A

iron
chromium
nickel
carbon

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15
Q

what are the properties of stainless steel

A

stronger than pure iron

resistant to corrosion

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16
Q

what is stainless steel used for

A

sinks
cutlery
surgical instruments

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17
Q

what is the composition of pewter

A

tin
antimony
copper

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18
Q

what are the properties of pewter

A

stronger than pure tin
does not rust
shiny

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19
Q

what is the function of pewter

A

decorative instruments
trophies
souvenirs

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20
Q

what is glass made out of

A

silica

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21
Q

what are the properties of glass 6m

A 
hard but brittle
chemically inert
transparent
waterproof
heat insulator
electrical insulator
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22
Q

name 4 types of glass

A

fused silica glass
soda lime glass
borosilicate glass
lead crystal glass

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23
Q

what is the composition of fused silica glass

A

silica without anything else

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24
Q

what are the properties of fused silica glass

A

high melting point

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25
what is fused silica glass suitable for
making telescope lens
26
what is the composition of soda lime glass
silica, soda, limestone
27
what are the properties of soda lime glass
low melting point (because of soda) easily moulded cannot withstand high temperature
28
what is soda lime glass used for
glass containers
29
what is the composition of borosilicate glass
silica, soda, limestone, boron oxide, aluminium oxide
30
what are the properties of borosilicate glass
do not crack easily
31
what is borosilicate glass used for
laboratory glassware
32
what is the composition of lead crystal glass
silica, soda, lead oxide
33
what is the property of lead crystal glass
high refractive index
34
what is lead crystal glass used for
prisms
35
what is a ceramic
ceramic is a solid made out of inorganic and non-metallic substances
36
how is ceramic produced
ceramic is produced through the process of shaping and hardening by using heating technique at a high temperature
37
what are the properties of ceramics
``` high thermal resistant break easily chemically inert electrical insulator hard and strong heat insulator ```
38
what are the effects of strong covalent and ionic bonds in ceramics 4m
only melt at very high temperatures hard and resistant to compression atoms cannot slide over each other because of strong bond in indefinite arrangement brittle and weak towards stretching
39
name two types of ceramics
traditional ceramics | advanced ceramics
40
what are traditional ceramics made out of
clay such as kaolin
41
what are traditional ceramics used to make
bricks, pottery, crockery
42
what is advanced ceramics made out of
inorganic compounds such as oxides, carbides, nitrides.
43
what are the properties of advanced ceramics
higher resistance to heat and abrasion more chemically inert superconductivity properties
44
example of advanced ceramic
silicon carbide
45
name example of ceramic uses in medicine
zirconia ceramic is used in dental implants alumina ceramic is used ti make knee bone ceramic is used in MRI machines because its superconductivity properties
46
name example of ceramic uses in transportation
engine components in jet planes
47
name example of ceramic uses in energy production
ceramic is used to make electrical insulators in high voltage areas such as power stations
48
what is a composite material
a composite material is a material made from combining two or more non-homogenous substances, that is matrix substance and strengthening substance. the matrix substance surrounds and binds the strengthening substance together.
49
name examples of composite materials (5m)
``` reinforced concrete fibre glass optical fibre photochromic glass superconductors ```
50
how is reinforced concrete produced
reinforced concrete is produced when steel bars or wire mesh is immersed in concrete
51
what is reinforced concrete used for
construction of bridges, buildings
52
how is fibre glass produced
plastic is strengthened with glass fibres
53
what is fibre glass used for
it is used to make helmets, car bumpers, printed circuit boards.
54
how is photochromic glass formed
photochromic glass is formed when glass is combined with silver chloride and copper(I) chloride
55
what is the property of photochromic glass
when exposed to sunlight, photochromic glass darkens in dim light, photochromic glass becomes transparent again photochromic glass protects users from UV rays
56
what is photochromic glass used for
it is used for car windows, camera lenses, building windows
57
what are superconductors
is a composite material that has superconductivity properties other than alloys
58
what are superconductors used for
electromagnets | that are used in MRI
59
what is the innermost layer of optical fibre
silica glass fibres
60
what is the second layer of optical glass fibre made out of
glass or plastic

Chemistry form 4 (8 decks)

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