chap 8 - manufactured substances in the industry Flashcards
what is the definition of alloy
alloy is a mixture of two or more elements where the main element is a metal
why is alloy x stronger than pure x (3m)
- different sizes of atoms
- interupt orderly arrangement
- harder to slide over one another when force is applied
what is the composition of duralumin
aluminium
copper
magnesium
manganese
what are the properties of duralumin
stronger than pure aluminium
low density
does not rust
what is duralumin used for
body of aeroplanes
electric cables
racing bicycles
what is the composition of bronze
copper
tin
what are the properties of bronze
stronger than pure copper
does not rust
shiny
what is bronze used for
medals
monuments
trophies
what is the composition of brass
copper
zinc
what is brass used for
musical instruments
doorknobs
keys
what is the composition of steel
iron
carbon
what are the properties of steel
also known as carbon steel
stronger and harder
malleable
three types, low carbon, average carbon and high carbon
what is steel used for
structure of buildings
railway tracks
body of cars
what is the composition of stainless steel
iron
chromium
nickel
carbon
what are the properties of stainless steel
stronger than pure iron
resistant to corrosion
what is stainless steel used for
sinks
cutlery
surgical instruments
what is the composition of pewter
tin
antimony
copper
what are the properties of pewter
stronger than pure tin
does not rust
shiny
what is the function of pewter
decorative instruments
trophies
souvenirs
what is glass made out of
silica
what are the properties of glass 6m
hard but brittle chemically inert transparent waterproof heat insulator electrical insulator
name 4 types of glass
fused silica glass
soda lime glass
borosilicate glass
lead crystal glass
what is the composition of fused silica glass
silica without anything else
what are the properties of fused silica glass
high melting point
what is fused silica glass suitable for
making telescope lens
what is the composition of soda lime glass
silica, soda, limestone
what are the properties of soda lime glass
low melting point (because of soda)
easily moulded
cannot withstand high temperature
what is soda lime glass used for
glass containers
what is the composition of borosilicate glass
silica, soda, limestone, boron oxide, aluminium oxide
what are the properties of borosilicate glass
do not crack easily
what is borosilicate glass used for
laboratory glassware
what is the composition of lead crystal glass
silica, soda, lead oxide
what is the property of lead crystal glass
high refractive index
what is lead crystal glass used for
prisms
what is a ceramic
ceramic is a solid made out of inorganic and non-metallic substances
how is ceramic produced
ceramic is produced through the process of shaping and hardening by using heating technique at a high temperature
what are the properties of ceramics
high thermal resistant break easily chemically inert electrical insulator hard and strong heat insulator
what are the effects of strong covalent and ionic bonds in ceramics 4m
only melt at very high temperatures
hard and resistant to compression
atoms cannot slide over each other because of strong bond in indefinite arrangement
brittle and weak towards stretching
name two types of ceramics
traditional ceramics
advanced ceramics
what are traditional ceramics made out of
clay such as kaolin
what are traditional ceramics used to make
bricks, pottery, crockery
what is advanced ceramics made out of
inorganic compounds such as oxides, carbides, nitrides.
what are the properties of advanced ceramics
higher resistance to heat and abrasion
more chemically inert
superconductivity properties
example of advanced ceramic
silicon carbide
name example of ceramic uses in medicine
zirconia ceramic is used in dental implants
alumina ceramic is used ti make knee bone
ceramic is used in MRI machines because its superconductivity properties
name example of ceramic uses in transportation
engine components in jet planes
name example of ceramic uses in energy production
ceramic is used to make electrical insulators in high voltage areas such as power stations
what is a composite material
a composite material is a material made from combining two or more non-homogenous substances, that is matrix substance and strengthening substance. the matrix substance surrounds and binds the strengthening substance together.
name examples of composite materials (5m)
reinforced concrete fibre glass optical fibre photochromic glass superconductors
how is reinforced concrete produced
reinforced concrete is produced when steel bars or wire mesh is immersed in concrete
what is reinforced concrete used for
construction of bridges, buildings
how is fibre glass produced
plastic is strengthened with glass fibres
what is fibre glass used for
it is used to make helmets, car bumpers, printed circuit boards.
how is photochromic glass formed
photochromic glass is formed when glass is combined with silver chloride and copper(I) chloride
what is the property of photochromic glass
when exposed to sunlight, photochromic glass darkens
in dim light, photochromic glass becomes transparent again
photochromic glass protects users from UV rays
what is photochromic glass used for
it is used for car windows, camera lenses, building windows
what are superconductors
is a composite material that has superconductivity properties other than alloys
what are superconductors used for
electromagnets
that are used in MRI
what is the innermost layer of optical fibre
silica glass fibres
what is the second layer of optical glass fibre made out of
glass or plastic
