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Chemistry form 4 > chap 2 - matter and atomic structure > Flashcards

chap 2 - matter and atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the changes in state of matter caused by?

A

it is caused by heating or cooling

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2
Q

what is solid to liquid called

A

melting

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3
Q

what is liquid to gas called

A

boiling

evaporation

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4
Q

what is gas to liquid called

A

condensation

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5
Q

what is liquid to solid called

A

freezing

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6
Q

what is solid to gas called

A

sublimation

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7
Q

what is gas to solid called

A

deposition

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8
Q

explain the state of matter in solid (3m)

A
  • particles are closely packed
  • kinetic energy of particles is low
  • attraction force between particles is strong
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9
Q

explain the state of matter in liquid (3m)

A
  • particles are closely packed but not in an orderly manner
  • kinetic energy is high than solid state
  • attraction force between particles is strong but less than solid
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10
Q

explain the state of matter in gas (3m)

A
  • particles are far apart
  • kinetic energy of particles are very high
  • attraction force between particles is weak
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11
Q

state two types of matter

A

element

compound

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12
Q

state two classification of elements

A

atom

molecule

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13
Q

state two classification of compound

A

molecule

ion

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14
Q

what is melting point

A

is the constant temperature when a substance changes from solid to liquid at a specific pressure

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15
Q

what is freezing point

A

is the constant temperature when a substance changes from liquid to solid at a specific pressure

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16
Q

in the heating of naphthalene,, why is it not heated directly?

A

to avoid naphthalene from sublimating and producing poisonous gas

17
Q

in the heating of naphthalene, why is a water bath used

A

to ensure even heating

18
Q

is the cooling of naphthalene,, why is the boiling tube put in a conical flask

A

to ensure even cooling

19
Q

in the cooling of naphthalene , why is it stirred continuously

A

to ensure even cooling

20
Q

in cooling of naphthalene, what happens if naphthalene is not stirred continuously

A

supercooling will occur

21
Q

why is the temperature constant when melting occurs

A

no increase in temperature because heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the attraction force between the particles until solid changes to liquid

22
Q

why is the temperature constant when freezing occurs

A

no decrease in temperature because heatenergy that is lost to the surroundings is balanced by the heat energy released when the particles attract each other to form solid

23
Q

what was john dalton’s discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

matter is made out of atoms
atom is the smallest substance
same elements same atoms

24
Q

what was JJ thomson discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

there are electrons

atom is positively charged with electrons in it

25
Q

what was ernest rutherford discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

nucleus is the centre of the atom
there are protons
the whole atomic structure is focused around nucleus
electrons move outside of nucleus

26
Q

what was niels bohr discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

electrons move in shells

27
Q

what was James Chadwick discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

there are neutrons

neutron contribute half of the mass of an atom

28
Q

describe the standard representation of an atom

A

a - nucleon number
X - element
z - proton number

29
Q

write the electron arrangement for Al atom

A

-

30
Q

write the atomic structure for Al atom

A

-

31
Q

what is the formula for relative atomic mass for isotopes

A

E(% isotope x mass of isotope) / 100

32
Q

what is the function of cobalt 60

A

used in radiotherapy to kill cancer cells

33
Q

what is the function of iodine - 131

A

treatment of thyroid disorders

34
Q

what is the function of phosphorus 32

A

study plant metabolism

35
Q

what is the function of uranium 235

A

generate electricity through nuclear power generator

36
Q

what is the function of carbon 14

A

estimation of artifacts age

37
Q

what is the function of lead 210

A

determining the age of sand and earth layers

38
Q

what is the function of hydrogen 3

A

as a detector to study sewage

39
Q

what is the function of sodium 24

A

in detecting leakage in underground pipes

Chemistry form 4 (8 decks)

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