chap 2 - matter and atomic structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is the changes in state of matter caused by?

A

it is caused by heating or cooling

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2
Q

what is solid to liquid called

A

melting

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3
Q

what is liquid to gas called

A

boiling

evaporation

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4
Q

what is gas to liquid called

A

condensation

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5
Q

what is liquid to solid called

A

freezing

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6
Q

what is solid to gas called

A

sublimation

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7
Q

what is gas to solid called

A

deposition

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8
Q

explain the state of matter in solid (3m)

A
  • particles are closely packed
  • kinetic energy of particles is low
  • attraction force between particles is strong
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9
Q

explain the state of matter in liquid (3m)

A
  • particles are closely packed but not in an orderly manner
  • kinetic energy is high than solid state
  • attraction force between particles is strong but less than solid
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10
Q

explain the state of matter in gas (3m)

A
  • particles are far apart
  • kinetic energy of particles are very high
  • attraction force between particles is weak
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11
Q

state two types of matter

A

element

compound

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12
Q

state two classification of elements

A

atom

molecule

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13
Q

state two classification of compound

A

molecule

ion

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14
Q

what is melting point

A

is the constant temperature when a substance changes from solid to liquid at a specific pressure

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15
Q

what is freezing point

A

is the constant temperature when a substance changes from liquid to solid at a specific pressure

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16
Q

in the heating of naphthalene,, why is it not heated directly?

A

to avoid naphthalene from sublimating and producing poisonous gas

17
Q

in the heating of naphthalene, why is a water bath used

A

to ensure even heating

18
Q

is the cooling of naphthalene,, why is the boiling tube put in a conical flask

A

to ensure even cooling

19
Q

in the cooling of naphthalene , why is it stirred continuously

A

to ensure even cooling

20
Q

in cooling of naphthalene, what happens if naphthalene is not stirred continuously

A

supercooling will occur

21
Q

why is the temperature constant when melting occurs

A

no increase in temperature because heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the attraction force between the particles until solid changes to liquid

22
Q

why is the temperature constant when freezing occurs

A

no decrease in temperature because heatenergy that is lost to the surroundings is balanced by the heat energy released when the particles attract each other to form solid

23
Q

what was john dalton’s discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

matter is made out of atoms
atom is the smallest substance
same elements same atoms

24
Q

what was JJ thomson discovery in the development of the atomic structure model

A

there are electrons

atom is positively charged with electrons in it

25
what was ernest rutherford discovery in the development of the atomic structure model
nucleus is the centre of the atom there are protons the whole atomic structure is focused around nucleus electrons move outside of nucleus
26
what was niels bohr discovery in the development of the atomic structure model
electrons move in shells
27
what was James Chadwick discovery in the development of the atomic structure model
there are neutrons | neutron contribute half of the mass of an atom
28
describe the standard representation of an atom
a - nucleon number X - element z - proton number
29
write the electron arrangement for Al atom
-
30
write the atomic structure for Al atom
-
31
what is the formula for relative atomic mass for isotopes
E(% isotope x mass of isotope) / 100
32
what is the function of cobalt 60
used in radiotherapy to kill cancer cells
33
what is the function of iodine - 131
treatment of thyroid disorders
34
what is the function of phosphorus 32
study plant metabolism
35
what is the function of uranium 235
generate electricity through nuclear power generator
36
what is the function of carbon 14
estimation of artifacts age
37
what is the function of lead 210
determining the age of sand and earth layers
38
what is the function of hydrogen 3
as a detector to study sewage
39
what is the function of sodium 24
in detecting leakage in underground pipes