Chap 8 Flashcards
what type of economic system is followed in Pakistan?
a mixed economic system
Examples of regional and global economic grouping
SAARC, EUROPEAN-UNION (EU) ASEAN, G8, G20
when were reforms introduced in India, China and Pakistan?
India - 1991 China- 1978 Pakistan - 1998
give the meaning of infant mortality rate
the IM rate is the death of babies per thousand life birth
who introduced the proletarian cultural revolution?
Mao in china. in this, students and professionals were sent to work and learn from the countryside
mention the major reasons for low population growth in China
the main reason for this is the introduction of the one child norm
name the campaign initiated in china with the aim of industrialisation
The Great Leap Forward (GLF) was initiated with the aim of industrialisation in 1958 by the communist party of peoples republic of China. they planned to industrialise the country on a massive scare. people were encouraged to start up industries in their backyard. this was started in rural areas where people collectively cultivated lands.
the campaign faced many problems like drought and caused havoc in China, killing about 30 million people. when russia started having conflicts with china, they withdrew the professionals sent to help with industrialisation problems.
compare china and india
china has higher life expectancy and human development
India has the largest contribution of the service sector to the GDP
what is commune system?
the commune system, people collectively cultivated lands. people were encouraged to start industries in their backyard.
Give the meaning of liberty indicator
this measures the extent of demographic participation in social and political decision making. Eg: measures taken towards constitutional protection rights.
write 2 implication of the ‘one child norm’ in china
> it as successfully reduced the growth rate of population
in a couple of decades there will be more elderly people.
why are regional and economic grouping formed?
> to comprehend and compare their strengths and weakness with neighbouring countries
to understand the development processes pursued by the neighbouring countries.
what are the various indicators of human development
the various indicators of human development are :
> human development index : standard of living, life expectancy, educational attainment
> life expectancy at birth : the number of years the people are expected to live
> adult literacy rate : the average no. of people who have common knowledge of reading and writing
> infant mortality rate : number of deaths per thousand babies
> maternal mortality rate : number of deaths during childbirth per 1 lakh mothers
write the similar development stategies followed by both India and Pakistan
> both started their economic development after 1947 with 5 year plans
both follow mixed economic system
both started around the same time India - 1991 Pakistan -1988
both give importance to public sector with huge investments
both adopted policies as per instructions of IMF
give the reason for slow growth and reemergence of poverty in pakistan.
during 1960, poverty was more than 40% then reduced to 25% in the 1980s. it started rising again in 1990. the main reason is-
> the agricultural sectors did not rely on institutionalised process of technical change but on good harvest
> most of the foreign exchange earnings came from remittance. of pakistani workers from the middle eats and the exports of highly volatile agricultural goods.
> there was also growing dependance on foreign loans and difficulty in repayment.
Chinas rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. do you agree?
the present day industrial growth of china can be traced back to it’s reforms in the 1978.
the leadership in that era were unhappy with the slow pace of growth and modernisation,
> the economic reforms in china were introduced in phases - in the initial phase, it consisted of reforms in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sectors.
> in the later phases the economic reforms were initiated in the industrial sector - the public enterprises,in general, i.e the businesses owned and operated by local people were allowed to produce goods.
> they also introduced dual pricing - which means fixing prices in two ways, farmers and industrialists had to sell fixed quantities at fixed prices and the rest sold in the market.
Write the various factors that lead to the rapid growth in economic development in china.
> large scale investments financed by the domestic savings and foreign investments
rapid growth in productivity
- structural changes : agricultural country to industrial economy
- foreign capital : technological innovations made in abroad was imported
- dual pricing
explain the path of developmental strategies followed in pakistan
> mixed economy system
regulated policy framework and started green revolution
increase in public investment which also increased food grains
capital goods industries were nationalised
they took help from western countries
reforms were introduced in 1988
compare and contrast India and China sectoral contribution to GDP
Agriculture:
India - 17% China -9%
Industries
India - 30% China - 43%
Services
India - 53% China - 48%
POQ- group the following
single child norm : China
low fertility rate : China
high rate of urbanisation : China
mixed economy : India & pakistan
large population growth : India
high fertility rate : pakistan
high density of population : india
growth due to manufacturing sector: China
growth due to services : India
low rate of literacy : pakistan
