Chap 7, Diet & Health Problems

Question 1

Define malnutrition

Answer 1

Malnutrition is a condition caused by excessive or insufficient intake of nutrients

Question 2

Obesity

Answer 2

-excessive storage of body fat
-the excess fat may reduce life expectancy & increase risk of other health problems such as diabetes, hypertension & coronary heart disease
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-obesity is caused by excessive intake of calories & a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 3

How do we prevent obesity

Answer 3

• eat small, frequent meals throughout the day to prevent hunger pangs & possible overeating
• increase intake of dietary fibre as it is able to provide a feeling of satiety. This can help to delay hunger & prevent overeating.
• reduce sugar & fat intake as excessive consumption contributes to energy intake and may lead to weight gain if excess calories are not expended.
• exercise regularly to prevent weight gain and obesity. Physical activities use energy obtained from the diet and help people to maintain or even lose weight.

Question 4

Hypertension

Answer 4

(High blood pressure)
-blood is pumped around the body at a persistently high pressure.
-this exerts unnecessary force & stress on the blood vessels and heart.
-undetected/uncontrolled hypertension can cause stroke, heart & kidney diseases as well as vision loss.

Question 5

Risk factors of hypertension

Answer 5

Family history, stress, unhealthy diets, being overweight, obesity and physical inactivity.
- a diet high in sodium causes the body to retain more fluid and this increases the volume of blood. When blood volume increases, it exerts higher pressure against the blood vessel walls, causing blood pressure to rise.
- eating too much saturated fats & trans fats can result in the hardening and narrowing of blood vessels. These cause the heart to pump blood around the body at a higher pressure

Question 6

How do we prevent hypertension

Answer 6

• reduce intake of salt to prevent excess fluid retention. Which otherwise leads to increased blood volume & pressure
• reduce the intake of saturated fats as it causes the narrowing of blood vessels, which lead to hypertension
• excerisze regularly to prevent being overweight or obese, & reduce stress as there are risk factors for hypertension.

Question 7

Osteoporosis

Answer 7

Low bone density & weakened bone strength.
-develops when bone cell removal occurs too quickly & replacement occurs too slowly.
-bones eventually become fragile & brittle, & are prone to fractures.
A person is more likely to develop osteoporosis if he/she did not reach maximum peak bone density at around 30 years old

Question 8

Risk factors of osteoporosis

Answer 8

A diet low in Vitamin D, calcium & phosphorus.
Physical inactivity & lack of exposure to the sun
Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis as they have smaller, thinner bones than men

Question 9

How do we prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 9

Children & teens should Consume foods that are rich in calcium, phosphorus & vitamin D to maximise bone density
Adults & seniors should Consume foods that are rich in calcium, phosphorus & vitamin D, and staying physically active to help minimise bone loss.
Sufficient exposure to sunlight helps the body To produce. Vitamin D that is needed for bone formation.