chap 7 cellular respiration

Question 1

what does the catabolism process do

Answer 1

catabolism process releases energy

Question 2

what does the anabolism process do

Answer 2

anabolism process uses energy

Question 3

name the types of cellular respiration

Answer 3

aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation

Question 4

when does aerobic respiration happen

Answer 4

occurs in the presence of oxygen

Question 5

when does anaerobic respiration occur

Answer 5

occurs in the absence of oxygen

Question 6

what happens during fermentation

Answer 6

the breakdown of glucose is incomplete in conditions of limited oxygen or without oxygen

Question 7

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 7

the breakdown of glucose involving oxygen to produce chemical energy

Question 8

why is oxygen used in aerobic respiration

Answer 8

to oxidise glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

Question 9

what does aerobic respiration begins with

Answer 9

begins with the glycolysis process

Question 10

what is the glycolysis process

Answer 10

glycolysis means the breakdown of glucose by enzymes

Question 11

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 11

glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm

Question 12

write the word equation in the glycolysis process

Answer 12

glucose -> pyruvate

Question 13

where does the following process of glycolysis occur

Answer 13

mitochondrion

Question 14

how is the large amount of energy produced used

Answer 14

it is used to produced atp molecules

Question 15

write the word equation for glucose oxidation

Answer 15

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 16

name two types of fermentation

Answer 16

alcohol fermentation

lactic acid fermentation

Question 17

whats the word equation for alcohol fermentation

Answer 17

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 18

name examples where alcohol fermentation occurs

Answer 18

yeast

plants

Question 19

what kind of plants does alcohol fermentation occurs

Answer 19

paddy plants

Question 20

why does paddy plants occur alcohol fermentation

Answer 20

because they grow in waterlogged areas with less oxygen

Question 21

ethanol is toxic, but why are paddy plants okay to it

Answer 21

because paddy plants have a higher tolerance for ethanol

Question 22

what is the tolerance mechanism that paddy plants have

Answer 22

paddy plants produce plenty of alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes that can breakdown ethanol molecules into non toxic carbon dioxide

Question 23

write the word equation for lactic acid fermentation

Answer 23

glucose -> lactic acid + energy

Question 24

where does lactic acid fermentation occur

Answer 24

lactobacillus

human muscle cells

Question 25

how does lactobacillus produce yoghurt

Answer 25

milk fermentation

Question 26

explain the process of milk fermentation 2m

Answer 26

lactobacillus acts on lactose and turns it into lactic acid

lactic acid then coagulate casein to produce yoghurt

Question 27

why is yoghurt sour

Answer 27

the lactic acid

Question 28

what happens during vigorous training for lactic acid fermentation to occur

Answer 28

the rate of oxygen used exceeds the oxygen supplied by the blood circulatory system

Question 29

when the muscle is in an oxygen deficient state what is it called

Answer 29

the muscle is undergoing oxygen debt

Question 30

what happens during muscle oxygen debt

Answer 30

glucose cannot breakdown completely

Question 31

what happens when lactic acid excessively acculumates

Answer 31

cause fatigue and muscle cramps

Question 32

what happens when the vigorous activity stops during lactic acid fermentation

Answer 32

the intake of excess oxygen will oxidise the lactic acid into carbon dioxide, water and energy

when all the lactic acid is expelled, the oxygen debt is repaid

Question 33

where does fermentation occur in a cell

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

why is lactic acid fermentation important in the human body

Answer 34

gg

Question 35

how is fermentation different

Answer 35

after glycolysis, the pyruvate will undergo alcohol fermentation or lactic acid fermentation

Question 36

explain the process of aerobic respiration in a cell (6m)

Answer 36

• it begins with glycolysis
• glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose by enzymes
• this process occurs in the cytoplasm
• 1 molecule of glucose is broke down into 2 molecule of pyruvate
• while, the following process occurs in mitochondrion
• the pyruvate produced is then oxidized to produce carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 37

discuss the similarities between aerobic respiration and alcohol fermentation (10m)

buat table

Answer 37

similarities:

• the breakdown of glucose and its conversion to chemical energy
• the process begins in cytoplasm
• produces energy in the form of ATP
• the process begins with glycolysis
• occurs in yeasts, bacteria, animals / plants

differences:
- aerobic : complete breakdown //// fermentation : incomplete

• aerobic: occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondrion //// fermentation: occurs in cytoplasm
• aerobic: produces water //// fermentation: does not produce water
• aerobic: glucose is oxidised completely into carbon dioxide etc //// fermentation: glucosed is oxidised completely into lactic acid etc
• aerobic: one molecule of glucose generates 2898 kJ of energy //// fermentation: one molecule of glucose produce 210 kJ