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Exercise Phys- Ch. 5, 6 & 10 > Chap. 7 Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Chap. 7 Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

The Atrium is known as the

A

Receivers

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2
Q

The Ventricles are know as the

A

Pumpers

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3
Q

What is systemic blood flow?

A

Out to the body

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4
Q

What side does blood flow start?

A

Right side- Pulmonary

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5
Q

The blood flow on the right side of the heart is oxygenated or deoxygentated?

A

Deoxygenated

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6
Q

The Left Side of the heart is what type of circulation?

A

Systemic

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7
Q

What happens to the left side of the heart with exercise and fatigue?

A

Hypertrophies

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8
Q

What muscle fiber is the heart muscle?

A

Type I

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9
Q

What is the heart muscle called?

A

Myocardium

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10
Q

What is the myocardium highly composed of?

A

Capillary density and Mitochondria

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11
Q

What are cardiac fibers connected by?

A

Intercalated discs

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12
Q

Gap junctions rapidly conduct what?

A

Action potentials

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13
Q

Desmosomes do what?

A

Hold cells together

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14
Q

What are the 3 characteristics for Skeletal muscles?

A

Large, long, multinucleated

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15
Q

What type of contractions are skeletal muscle?

A

Intermittent, voluntary

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16
Q

What happens with Calcium within skeletal muscle?

A

It is released from the SR

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17
Q

4 Characteristics with Myocardial cells: (Heart muscle)

A

Small, short, branches, one nucleus

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18
Q

What type of contractions does heart muscle or myocardial cells have?

A

Continuous, involuntary rhythmic contractions

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19
Q

What bring blood supply to the heart?

A

Coronary Arteries, Right to Right & Left to Left

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20
Q

What is the blood flow on the right side of the heart? (Slide 8)

A

Inferior & Superior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Semilunar (Tricuspid Valve), Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Artery to LUNGS to oxygenate.

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21
Q

What is the blood flow on the LEFT side of the heart?

A

From lungs, pulmonary veins, Left Atrium, Mitral valve (Bicuspid Valve), Left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta to body.

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22
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

All mechanical and electrical events during one heartbeat

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23
Q

What is Diastole?

A

Relaxation phase- chambers fill with blood- lasts 2x as long at systole

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24
Q

Systole is

A

Contraction phase

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25
What happens during Ventricular Systole?
Ventricular pressure rises, "Lub", SLV open, Blood is ejected, ESV
26
What sound happens when the AV valves close?
Heart sound 1, "Lub"
27
What are the 4 heart cells that generate electrical signal?
-SA Node - AV Node - AV Bundle - Purkinje Fibers
28
How is the electrical signal spread?
Via Gap Junctions
29
What is rate of intrinsic HR?
100 BPM
30
The pacemaker of the heart?
SA Node
31
What side does the SA stimulate?
Right Atrium & Left Atrium
32
What is the job of the AV node?
Regulator, delays to allow ventricles not to close or fill too quickly. Allows the Right side to contract before the left.
33
What is the purpose of the AV Bundle?
Relays signal to the RV and LV
34
What are the 4 parts of the electrical activity of the heart?
1. SA node- pacemaker initiates contraction 2. AV node is the regulator it allows the right side to contract before the left side. 3. AV bundle (bundle of him) travels signal down interventricular septum, divides into right and left bundle toward apex 4. Purkinje fibers send signal INSIDE RV and LV, stimulating contraction
35
What is ejection fraction?
% of blood that is leaving per stroke
36
What is stroke volume?
How much blood is leaving the heart
37
What is Diastole?
Fill up, relax
38
What is Systole?
Push out, contract.
39
SBP
Systolic Blood Pressure: highest pressure in artery
40
DBP
Lowest pressure in artery
41
How much blood to veins contain at rest?
2/3 of blood volume
42
What area within the vasculature holds the most blood volume?
Veins- 64%
43
When does "LUB" occur?
Ventricular Systole- or Ventricular Contraction; when the AV valves close at the start. (V pressure rises)
44
The "Dub" is?
The Aortic and Pulmonary valves closing; pressure drops.
45
What extrinsic control of heart activity occurs with parasympathetic nervous system?
Vagus nerve carries impulses to SA, AV nodes, releases acetylcholine Decreases HR below intrinsic HR
46
What extrinsic control of heart activity occurs with sympathetic nervous system?
Carries impulse to SA, AV nodes, releases Norepinephrine, depolarizes, increases HR above intrinsic
47
What is the maximal HR?
250 bpm
48
What is bradycardia?
HR under 60 bpm in an UNTRAINED person.
49
What is Tachycardia and examples of how it occurs?
Fast HR, naturally (stress), exercise, caffeine
50
What is a PVC?
Premature Ventricular Contraction, extra beat
51
What is torsional contraction?
During systole the heart twists gradually like a spring, filling up the left side as much as possible.
52
When does abrupt untwisting occur that allows atrial filling?
Diastole
53
What is hemodynamics?
Blood Flow
54
What are 4 examples of resistance that opposes flow?
- Vasodilation - Vasoconstriction - Blood clots - Plaques
55
Easiest way to change flow?
Change R
56
What are 3 things that blood does?
- Transportation - Temperature regulation - Acid-base- (pH) balance
57
What is whole blood composed of?
Plasma and Formed Elements
58
Will men or women carry more blood in volume?
Men (5-6L)
59
What percentage is Plasma of blood volume?
55-60%
60
How much can plasma decrease with dehydration?
-10%
61
How much can plasma increase with training and heat acclimation?
10%
62
What 4 parts is plasma broken down into?
90% Water 7% Protein 3% Nutrients Ions
63
What are the 3 formed elements?
-RBC -WBC -Platelets
64
What is hematocrit?
Total percentage of volume composed of formed elements.

Exercise Phys- Ch. 5, 6 & 10 (7 decks)

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