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Exercise Phys- Ch. 5, 6 & 10 > Chap. 6- Fatigue > Flashcards

Chap. 6- Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

What is critical power?

A

The link between energy expenditure and fatigue

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2
Q

What factors affect critical power?

A

Overload, lack of oxygen, push to muscle failure, sleep hygiene, hydration, stress, nutrition.

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3
Q

What are 2 definitions of fatigue?

A
  1. Decrease in muscular performance with continued effort, sensations of tiredness (Working up to muscle failure)
  2. Inability to maintain power output to continue muscular work (Muscle failure)
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4
Q

How is fatigue reversed?

A

Rest

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5
Q

What complex(exercise) factors influence fatigue?

A
  1. Type of exercise and intensity
  2. Muscle fiber type
  3. Training status
  4. Diet
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6
Q

What are 4 CAUSES of fatigue? ***

A
  1. Inadequate metabolism
  2. Lactate threshold
  3. Failure of muscle contraction
  4. Altered neural control
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7
Q

What’s an example of failure of muscle contraction?

A

Cramp

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8
Q

What’s an example of altered neural control of muscle contraction?.

A

Flight, pass out

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9
Q

What helps defer Pcr Depletion?

A

Pacing

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10
Q

What can cause Pcr depletion?

A

Phosphate accumulations

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11
Q

What coincides with Pcr depletion?

A

Fatigue

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12
Q

True or False: Glycogen is depleted more quickly during the first few minutes of exercise.

A

True

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13
Q

What muscle fibers are lla?

A

Moderate Exercise Intensity

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14
Q

What muscle fibers are llx?

A

Maximum intensity exercise

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15
Q

What muscle fibers are recruited 1st?

A

Type I muscle fibers

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16
Q

What are two muscles that have different muscle depletion?

A

Gastric and Soleus

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17
Q

Two factors of activity specific muscles?

A

Depleted fast, used first and longest for task

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18
Q

True or False: Muscle glycogen is sufficient for prolonged exercise.

A

False- insufficient

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19
Q

Where is glycogen used from first?

A

Muscles

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20
Q

After muscle glycogenolysis where is it utilized from?

A

Liver

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21
Q

Muscle glycogen depletion + hypoglycemia=?

A

Fatigue

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22
Q

What does Pi stand for?

A

Inorganic Phosphate

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23
Q

Where does Pi (Inorganic Phosphate) get made from?

A

Rapid breakdown of Pcr and ATP

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24
Q

What is lactic acid a product of?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

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25
What causes muscle acidosis?
H+ accumulation
26
What is acidosis?
Low muscle Ph
27
What accumulates during high intensity exercise?
Lactic Acid
28
Process of lactic acid
Lactic acid accumulates then converts to lactate acid + H+, which lowers muscles Ph creating acidosis.
29
What helps muscle Ph?
Buffers but not enough
30
How does acidosis affect muscle?
Function
31
What Ph level affects ATP synthesis?
< 6.9
32
33
What substances/ factors can help endurance and can change lactate threshold?
Caffeine, B-Vitamins (catalyst), Carb loading, Training
34
What's a negative effect of impaired mitochondrial function?
Issue with Recovery, Oxidative ATP Production
35
How long does recovery take for a Sprinter?
25-30 min
36
What issues occur with neural transmission failure?
1. Delay or muscle failure 2. No activity from NMJ 3. Reduced ATP
37
Why does neural transmission fail?
1. Reduced ACH synthesis and release 2. Increase muscle fiber stimulus threshold 3. Altered resting membrane potential can change
38
What can fatigue inhibit?
Ca+ release from SR
39
What happens when Ca+ release is inhibited from SR?
Interrupts muscle contraction
40
How does CNS play a role in fatigue?
1. Stress of exercise may be too much 2. Unwilling to endure more pain 3. Discomfort of fatigue warning sign 4. Learn proper pacing, tolerate fatigue
41
Psychological aspect part of fatigue?
1. Conscious decision to stop 2. Self-talk to reduce fatigue
42
What factors affect Neural Transmission?
1. CNS 2. Psychobiological aspect 3. Heat 4. Critical Power 5. Muscle Soreness
43
How does heat affect fatigue?
1. Alters metabolic rate 2. Increases carb utilization 3. Speeds up glycogen depletion 4. May impair muscle function 5. Time to fatigue changes
44
What is Critical Power?
Tolerable duration of high intensity exercise
45
When does Critical Power increase?
With endurance and HIIT
46
When does Critical Power decrease?
Age, Chronic disease, hypoxia, performance in events lasting 2-min to 2-hours.
47
Why do muscles get sore?
- Exhaustive - High intensity for the first time - Fatigue - Lactic Acid - Muscle Failure - Muscle tearing - Didn't heat up properly - Eccentric - Overload - New exercises - Injury - Atrophy (had injury and try to workout again)
48
DOMS time period
24-48 hours later
49
Why do you get sore during or immediately after strenuous exercise or novel exercise?
-Tissue Edema - Accumulation of metabolic by-product; changing the acidity
50
What causes DOMS?
- Eccentric contractions - Structural damage - Inflammation
51
How does muscle damage (structural damage) occur -cellular level?
- Increase in enzymes, through blood testing- X 10 times - Parallels DOMS - Z- dish damage after eccentric work ***
52
What does muscle damage precede?
Hypertrophy, muscle increase
53
What increases in the blood during inflammation?
White Blood Cell count
54
Sequence of DOMs?- How edema occurs?
- High intensity** - Structural damage** - Homeostasis of Ca+ is disturbed - Inhibits cellular respiration - Degrades Z-disk - Circulating Neutrophils - Pain free nerve endings, eccentric - Fluids and electrolytes- Edema
55
DOMS and Performance: (LOSS)
- LOSS of Force*** - LOSS of Strength *** - LOSS of contractile proteins
56
How to decrease DOMS?
- Effective training - Minimize eccentric work early in training - Start low-intensity - High-intensity first, soreness first, less later
57
What is EAMC?
Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps
58
How does EAMC occur?
- Overwork muscle - Lack of conditioning - Electrical stimulation
59
How to reduce EAMC?
- Stretching - Active recovery - Change excitatory property of motor neuron
60
What is central origin of neuromuscular control?
Hyperexcitable motor neurons FROM ACTIVITY
61
What is peripheral origin?
Spontaneous discharges of motor neurons- getting hit, or stopping awkwardly.
62
Risk factors of cramping?
- Hx of cramping - Age - Increased exercise intensity & duration - Lack of fitness
63
What is lost during electrolyte depletion?
- Sodium - Chloride
64
How do you get heat cramps?
- Loss of electrolytes- sodium and chloride
65
Treatment of electrolyte depletion? ***
- High sodium intake- pickle juice/electrolytes - Chloride

Exercise Phys- Ch. 5, 6 & 10 (7 decks)

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