Chap. 5- Energy Expenditure

Question 1

What percentage of food eaten will increase HEAT in the body?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What percent of substrate is used for ENERGY?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

What increases with energy production?

Answer 3

Heat

Question 4

What is a Calorimeter?

Answer 4

Measures temperature change during a certain time period.

Question 5

What is an example of a Calorimeter?

Answer 5

Water in wall, goes in cold, comes out warm, measures body temp increase, also measures air.

Question 6

Pros of a Calorimeter?

Answer 6

Accurate over time, good for metabolic measurements.

Question 7

Cons of a Calorimeter?

Answer 7

Expensive, slow, heat added by exercise equipment, errors by sweat, not practical for exercise.

Question 8

What does Indirect calorimetry measure?

Answer 8

Estimates TDEE based in O2 uses and CO2 produced; measure gas concentrations.

Question 9

Cons of Indirect Calorimetry?

Answer 9

Older methods are accurate but slow, new methods are fast but expensive.

Question 10

What’s sport uses Indirect calorimetry?

Answer 10

Swimmers

Question 11

What does VO2 (DOT) mean?

Answer 11

The volume of O2 CONSUMED over a certain period of time, per minute.

Question 12

What does the Haldane Transformation say?

Answer 12

O2 in may not equal CO2 out; Nitrogen in is equal to Nitrogen out.

Question 13

True/False- O2 use during metabolism depends on the fuel type.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the Respiratory Exchange Ratio?

Answer 14

Ratio between production of Co2 and use of O2/- predicts substrate use, kcal/o2.

Question 15

What are the limitations with RER(Respiratory Exchange Ratio)?

Answer 15

CO2 production may not equal CO2 exhalation

Question 16

True/False: RER is accurate for protein oxidation?

Answer 16

False- inaccurate

Question 17

List 6 different devices used to measure energy expenditure?

Answer 17

1. Heart Rate Monitor
2. Pedometers
3. Accelerometers
4. Self- Reporting
5. Walking/Running
6. Cycle Ergometers

Question 18

What is BMR?

Answer 18

Rate of energy expenditure at rest

Question 19

What is RMR?

Answer 19

Total daily metabolic activity

Easier than BMR, not stringent, 1,800-3,000 kcal a day, up to 10,000 athletes.

Question 20

What effect does Submaximal Aerobic Exercise produce?

Answer 20

High power outputs, VO2 increases, more type II

Question 21

What is VO2 Drift?

Answer 21

Upward drift even at low power outputs

e.g. train individual vs untrained, biological differences

Question 22

An example of Vo2 drift

Answer 22

Trained individual vs untrained

Question 23

What biological influences can affect VO2 drift?

Answer 23

Ventilatory, Hormone Changes

Question 24

What is VO2 Max?

Answer 24

Maximal oxygen uptake over a period of time

Question 25

What the best single measurement of AEROBIC fitness?

Answer 25

VO2 Max

Question 26

Why isn't VO2 max the best predictor of endurance performance?

Answer 26

Other factors

Question 27

Average VO2 max amount?

Answer 27

11-12 min

Question 28

What other life factors affect endurance?

Answer 28

Nutrition, altitude, hormones, other factors that are affected, controlled setting versus actual performance setting

Question 29

What allows an athlete to compete at a high percentage of VO2 max?

Answer 29

Training

Question 30

How is VO2max during expressed?

Answer 30

L/min, normalizing for body weight

Question 31

Why do women have a difference with VO2max?

Answer 31

Lower FFM and hemoglobin

Question 32

True/False: No activity is 100% aerobic or anaerobic.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Two factors that allow an estimate of anerobic effort?

Answer 33

1. (EPOC)Effect post exercise O2 consumption 2. Lactate threshold

Question 34

True or false: The demand of O2 is greater than what is consumed early in exercise?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Why do we breathe heavy?

Answer 35

Recovery, O2 consumption is greater than demand early in recovery

Question 36

What is EPOC?

Answer 36

Exercise Post Oxygen Consumption

Question 37

What does EPOC try to do?

Answer 37

1.Replenish ATP 2. Convert lactate to glycogen 3. Replenish hemo/myoglobin 4. Clear CO2

Question 38

What can knowing the lactate threshold help determine?

Answer 38

The level of endurance

Question 39

Why does Lactate Threshold occur?

Answer 39

Lactate PRODUCTION rate is GREATER than CLEARANCE rate.

Question 40

What determines better endurance between two athletes with the same VO2 Max?

Answer 40

Lactate Threshold predicts better performance

Question 41

What is economy of effort?

Answer 41

The more experienced the athlete the less use of energy for given pace.

Question 42

Is there a relation between VO2 max and Economy of Effort?

Answer 42

No, they are independent of eachother.

Question 43

What 4 things(High) make a successful athlete? **

Answer 43

1. High VO2 max 2. High Lactate threshold 3. High Economy of Effort (the more skilled the less energy) 4. High % of Type I muscle fibers

Question 44

What is the biggest influence to daily expenditure?

Answer 44

Activity Level

Question 45

Body factors that influence daily expenditures?

Answer 45

Age, sex, weight, FFM