Chap. 5- Energy Expenditure Flashcards
What percentage of food eaten will increase HEAT in the body?
60%
What percent of substrate is used for ENERGY?
40%
What increases with energy production?
Heat
What is a Calorimeter?
Measures temperature change during a certain time period.
What is an example of a Calorimeter?
Water in wall, goes in cold, comes out warm, measures body temp increase, also measures air.
Pros of a Calorimeter?
Accurate over time, good for metabolic measurements.
Cons of a Calorimeter?
Expensive, slow, heat added by exercise equipment, errors by sweat, not practical for exercise.
What does Indirect calorimetry measure?
Estimates TDEE based in O2 uses and CO2 produced; measure gas concentrations.
Cons of Indirect Calorimetry?
Older methods are accurate but slow, new methods are fast but expensive.
What’s sport uses Indirect calorimetry?
Swimmers
What does VO2 (DOT) mean?
The volume of O2 CONSUMED over a certain period of time, per minute.
What does the Haldane Transformation say?
O2 in may not equal CO2 out; Nitrogen in is equal to Nitrogen out.
True/False- O2 use during metabolism depends on the fuel type.
True
What is the Respiratory Exchange Ratio?
Ratio between production of Co2 and use of O2/- predicts substrate use, kcal/o2.
What are the limitations with RER(Respiratory Exchange Ratio)?
CO2 production may not equal CO2 exhalation
True/False: RER is accurate for protein oxidation?
False- inaccurate
List 6 different devices used to measure energy expenditure?
- Heart Rate Monitor
- Pedometers
- Accelerometers
- Self- Reporting
- Walking/Running
- Cycle Ergometers
What is BMR?
Rate of energy expenditure at rest
What is RMR?
Total daily metabolic activity
Easier than BMR, not stringent, 1,800-3,000 kcal a day, up to 10,000 athletes.
What effect does Submaximal Aerobic Exercise produce?
High power outputs, VO2 increases, more type II
What is VO2 Drift?
Upward drift even at low power outputs
e.g. train individual vs untrained, biological differences
An example of Vo2 drift
Trained individual vs untrained
What biological influences can affect VO2 drift?
Ventilatory, Hormone Changes
What is VO2 Max?
Maximal oxygen uptake over a period of time
What the best single measurement of AEROBIC fitness?
VO2 Max
Why isn’t VO2 max the best predictor of endurance performance?
Other factors
Average VO2 max amount?
11-12 min
What other life factors affect endurance?
Nutrition, altitude, hormones, other factors that are affected, controlled setting versus actual performance setting
What allows an athlete to compete at a high percentage of VO2 max?
Training
How is VO2max during expressed?
L/min, normalizing for body weight
Why do women have a difference with VO2max?
Lower FFM and hemoglobin
True/False: No activity is 100% aerobic or anaerobic.
True
Two factors that allow an estimate of anerobic effort?
- (EPOC)Effect post exercise O2 consumption
- Lactate threshold
True or false: The demand of O2 is greater than what is consumed early in exercise?
True
Why do we breathe heavy?
Recovery, O2 consumption is greater than demand early in recovery
What is EPOC?
Exercise Post Oxygen Consumption
What does EPOC try to do?
1.Replenish ATP
2. Convert lactate to glycogen
3. Replenish hemo/myoglobin
4. Clear CO2
What can knowing the lactate threshold help determine?
The level of endurance
Why does Lactate Threshold occur?
Lactate PRODUCTION rate is GREATER than CLEARANCE rate.
What determines better endurance between two athletes with the same VO2 Max?
Lactate Threshold predicts better performance
What is economy of effort?
The more experienced the athlete the less use of energy for given pace.
Is there a relation between VO2 max and Economy of Effort?
No, they are independent of eachother.
What 4 things(High) make a successful athlete? **
- High VO2 max
- High Lactate threshold
- High Economy of Effort (the more skilled the less energy)
- High % of Type I muscle fibers
What is the biggest influence to daily expenditure?
Activity Level
Body factors that influence daily expenditures?
Age, sex, weight, FFM
