Chap 7

Question 1

What happens in a pavlovian extinction graph?

Answer 1

The CR and UCR go up together, but once the UCR is not presented with the CR, there is a loss of response until there is a pause where after there will be a smaller response to the CR, but if there is no UCY the correlation will stop existing

Question 2

What is the resurgence of CR after a pause called?

Answer 2

Spontaneous recovery

Question 3

What is stimulus generalization?

Answer 3

It is the tendency for events that are related to a stimulus generating a conditional response.

Question 4

What is an example of the four types of reinforcement contingencies?

Answer 4

Positive punishment: spanking
Positive reinforcement: ice cream for good grades
Negative Punishment: No phone after acting out
Negative reinforcement: no more loud beeps after seatbelt

Question 5

What are the two forms of negative reinforcement?

Answer 5

Escape and avoidance

Question 6

Why should we choose positive reinforcement over positive puniushment?

Answer 6

1. If we forget/are late/too timid to punish, it will be likely to happen again.
2. Doesn’t bring in aversive or unhappy emotions.
3. Punishment doesn’t teach how to get reinforcers
4. Punishment is likely to happen often
5. Punishment breeds more punishment from the punished

Question 7

What is shaping operant conditioning?

Answer 7

Reinforcing smaller steps to get eventual big performance

Question 8

What are the two subdivisions of reinforcers?

Answer 8

Primary and secondary, primary is an intuitive response, secondary is a conditioned response

Question 9

What is an example of a generalized conditioned reinforcer?

Answer 9

MOOLAH

Question 10

What are the four main schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 10

1. Fixed ratio is a fixed amount of actions provides a reinforcer
2. Fixed Intervals is a fixed amount of time bears a reinforcer
3. Variable ratio is a variable amount of actions provides a reinforcer
4. Variable intervals is a variable amount of time passes before a reinforcer

Question 11

What is the order of schedules of reinforcement types? (most responses to least)

Answer 11

VR, FR, VI, FI

Question 12

What type of learning did Bandura find?

Answer 12

Social learning

Question 13

What are the 4 stages of Bandura’s social learning?

Answer 13

1. Attentional phase
2. Retention phase
3. Production Phase
4. Motivational phase

Question 14

What is biological preparedness?

Answer 14

It is easier to condition a response to certain events.

Question 15

What are 4 findings of phobias?

Answer 15

1. They can come from a single trial
2. They can persist even when we know it is harmless
3. They could hard our ancestors
4. They do not extinguish easily or quickly