Chap 5

Question 1

What is the difference between top down and bottom up processing?

Answer 1

bottom up processing deals with the sensations, and is an early level analysis. Top down processing relates to our understanding of the world which gives the feeling meaning

Question 2

What are the 5 Gestalt Principles with light descriptions?

Answer 2

1. Principle of proximity (close together = group)
2. Principle of similarity (similar = group)
3. Principle of closure (Incomplete information = filled in gaps with expected)
4. Principle of good continuation (lines crossing over are continuous)
5. Principle of common fate (Moving together = group)

Question 3

What is the visible spectrum of light?

Answer 3

400-700nm

Question 4

What is the order of the layers in the eye?

Answer 4

Cornea, pupil, lens

Question 5

What is the process called of focusing images on the retina?

Answer 5

Accomodation

Question 6

What is the fovea?

Answer 6

A cluster of cones that helps us see clearly

Question 7

What is visual acuity?

Answer 7

The transmission of fine detail by cones

Question 8

List and describe the 6 monocular depth cues

Answer 8

1. Occlusion is overlapping pictures
2. Relative height is closer to horizon is farther away
3. Relative size is father is smaller
4. Perspective convergence is in straight line objects, the lines converge as they get father
5. Cue of familiar size is when we already know the size of something so if it is small it is far
6. Atmospheric perspective is farther away is hazier

Question 9

When does transduction happen in the ear?

Answer 9

Cochlear fluid vibrates the basilar membrane and and it ripples

Question 10

What is place theory in the ear?

Answer 10

The brain uses location to understand pitch of sound, low frequencies are deeper in the cochlea and higher early

Question 11

What is frequency theory?

Answer 11

The brain uses information about the rate of cell firing and grouping to get more insight on pitch (volume?)

Question 12

What receptors deal with smell and taste?

Answer 12

Chemoreceptors.

Question 13

What are the 4 types of skin mechanoreceptors? What are their functions?

Answer 13

1. Merkel receptor (continuous pressure readings)
2. Messner Corpuscle (Start and end of Pressure)
   Deeper:
3. Ruffini cylinder (stretching)
4. Pacinian Corpuscle (vibration/texture)

Question 14

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 14

The postcentral gyrus

Question 15

What receptors are responsible for temperature? What is special about temperature information?

Answer 15

Thermoreceptors, and sensory information is comparative to context.

Question 16

What is the kinesthetic sense?

Answer 16

An understanding of where our body is in space.

Question 17

What is the term for the point at which a stimulus becomes consciously detectable?

Answer 17

The absolute threshold

Question 18

What are the two types of bias when it comes to signal detection?

Answer 18

Conservative and liberal bias