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A & P > CHAP 6 SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAP 6 SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone would protect the lungs and heart

A

Rib cage aka thoracic cage

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2
Q

Function of bone

A

Support, protect, movement, and mineral storage

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3
Q

What mineral is. Stored in bone

A

Calcium

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4
Q

Which cells are made in red bone marrow

A

Red and white blood cells

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5
Q

What is stored in yellow marrow

A

Fat

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6
Q

2 parts of bone made of hyaline cartilage

A

Epiphyseal plate and Articular cartilage

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7
Q

Significance of Epiphyseal plate

A

New bones form

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8
Q

How is epithelium line different from Epiphyseal plate

A

Line is bone, plate is cartilage

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9
Q

What is found in medullary cavity

A

Endosteum, layer of cells

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10
Q

What is found in epiphysis

A

Spongy bone (where red bone marrow is made)

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11
Q

Which layer of periosteum is most superficial

A

Fibrous

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12
Q

Function of osteogenesis layer

A

Build and breakdown bone

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13
Q

Wha type of tissue is the fibrous layer made of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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14
Q

Function of fibrous layer

A

Maintenance of bone structure

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15
Q

What are sharpeys (perforating) fibers

A

Collagen fibers that penetrates bone

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16
Q

What is ligament

A

Fibrous tissue connecting bones
Bone to bone

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17
Q

What is tendon

A

Connective tissue continuous with fibers of muscles
Muscle to bone

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18
Q

Which salts are present in bone

A

Calcium phosphate

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19
Q

What characteristic does calcium phosphate give to bone

A

Very hard

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20
Q

What characteristic does collagen give to bone

A

Makes bone somewhat flexible

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21
Q

If bone were heated to denature the collage, what would be different about the bone?

A

Extremely hard

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22
Q

What are the scattered cells in the bone

A

Osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

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23
Q

Function of osteoprogenitor

A

Bone repair and growth

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24
Q

Which cells are derived from osteoprogenitor cells

A

Osteoblasts

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25
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

Secretes the extracellular matrix of bone

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26
Q

What is the precursor for an osteocyte

A

Ostoprogenitor

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27
Q

Osteoclasts are derived from which type of cells

A

White blood cells

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28
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Make bone thicker

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29
Q

2 main types of bone tissue

A

Compact and spongy bone

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30
Q

Difference between volkmann (perforating) and Haversian (central) canals

A

Volkman runs horizontally
Haversian runs vertically

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31
Q

Why are volkmann and Haversian canal needed

A

Allows blood vessel to travel thru bone

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32
Q

Where is compact bone found

A

Long bones

33
Q

Where is spongy bone found in long bones

A

Epiphyses

34
Q

Where is spongy bone found in long bones

A

Inside

35
Q

What is trabeculae

A

Bony pieces of spongy bones

36
Q

What is found in spaces of spongy bone

A

Red bone marrow

37
Q

How do osteocytes in spongy bone get their nutrients

A

From canaliculi

38
Q

When does bone ossification occur

A

6 weeks to 25 years

39
Q

What type of tissue involved in intramembranous ossification?

A

Fiberous connective tissue

40
Q

Which bones undergo intramembranous ossification during embryonic development?

A

Flat bones, clavicle, mandible

41
Q

Intramembranous begins at an ossification center
What is the order?

A

Mesenchymal (embryonic) cells > osteoprogenitor cells > osteoblasts

42
Q

Once surrounded by calcified osteoid, osteoblasts become __________.

A

Osteocytes

43
Q

What fills the spaces in spongy bone?

A

Red bone marrow

44
Q

What is a fontanel?

A

Soft spot
Dense fibrous connective tissue

45
Q

What kind of tissue involved in endochondral ossification

A

Hyaline cartilage

46
Q

Which bones undergo endochondral ossification?

A

Long bones

47
Q

Endochondral ossification; A bone collar forms on the surface of which part of the bone template?

A

Hyaline cartilage

48
Q

What happens in the primary ossification center

A

The osteoid will calcify with the accumulation of inorganic salts

49
Q

Where is the primary ossification center located

A

Inside the bone, from center of the cartilage

50
Q

Where is secondary ossification centers located

A

End of long bones

51
Q

How many secondary ossification centers would a long bone have

A

1 at the end of each long bones, 2 total

52
Q

What two parts of long bone don’t ossify and remain cartilage

A

Metaphesys and Epiphyseal

53
Q

Intermembranous ossification order

A

Mesenchyme» fibrous connective tissue&raquo_space; bone

54
Q

Endochondral ossification order

A

Mesenchyme&raquo_space; hyaline cartilage&raquo_space; bone

55
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth on edges

56
Q

When bones grow in length, to which part of the Epiphyseal plate is new bone tissue added?

A

Diaphysis

57
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth fro inside, move outward

58
Q

Where are the cells that grow a bone in width located

A

Osteogenic layer of periosteum

59
Q

What comes first? Compact or spongy bone

A

Spongy bone, its remodeled into compact

60
Q

What are some key functions of calcium? Why is it important

A

To remodel and make bone, muscle contraction, blood clotting

61
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone made

A

Parathyroid gland

62
Q

How does parathyroid hormone affect blood calcium

A

Increase calcium in blood by removing bones

63
Q

Would this hormone activate osteoclasts or osteoblasts

A

Osteoclasts

64
Q

Where is calcitonin made

A

Thyroid gland

65
Q

How does calcitonin affect blood calcium

A

Lowers blood calcium by putting calcium in bone

66
Q

What cells are affected by calcitonin

A

Osteoclasts

67
Q

What is hematoma

A

Blood clot

68
Q

What type of tissue is found in the soft callus

A

Fibrocartilage

69
Q

Soft callus is converted to

A

Hard callus

70
Q

Bony callus means

A

Earlier fracture

71
Q

Closed fracture ; open fracture

A

No skin breaks
Break thru skin

72
Q

Displaced fracture; non displaced fracture

A

Ends of bones out of alignment
Stay aligned to heal

73
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Falling w outstretched arm
Distal radius fracture (wrist)

74
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Common in children (underdeveloped bones)
One side of bone normal, other side bent

75
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone broken into more than 2 places

76
Q

Compression fracture, common in what age group

A

Vertebrae collapse (not back, vertebrae)
Over 50

77
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Bones broke in twisting position

78
Q

Salter Harris fracture

A

Fracture through growth plate
Most common in children, underdeveloped bones

79
Q

Depressed fracture

A

Break in cranial bones
Common in skulls

A & P (5 decks)

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