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A & P > CHAP 5- INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAP 5- INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

How does integumentary system help regulate temp

A

Sweat when hot

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2
Q

Type of epithelium does the skin contain

A

Kertainized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What is a receptor

A

Chemical structure that receive and send signal to sensory nerve

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4
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sense changes in blood

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5
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sense touch, pressure, vibration

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6
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Sense change in blood pressure

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7
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Respond to light

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8
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Relay if hot or cold

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9
Q

Receptors found in skin

A

Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors

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10
Q

What is excreted from skin

A

Sweat from sweat glands

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11
Q

Purpose of vitamin d

A

Helps body absorb calcium from food and supplement

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12
Q

Why does a person who lost blood feel cold or clammy?

A

Blood vessel collapse, kept away for internal organ usage

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13
Q

Why would their skin or fingernails change color, if they lost blood

A

Lack of oxygen

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14
Q

Type of epithelium found in epidermis

A

Kertainized stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

Does epidermis have blood vessels? Why or why not

A

No, it’s avascular (no blood flow)

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16
Q

If someone got a paper cut and didn’t bleed, what layer of skin affected? Is it painful

A

Epidermis, yes cause that’s where the nerves are

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17
Q

Function of keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin

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18
Q

What is keratin

A

Structural component of hair and nails, tough fiberous protein

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19
Q

Cells near the free surface have ___ keratin than those near the basement membrane

A

More

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20
Q

Types of cell junctions would you expect between keratinocytes? Why

A

Desmosomes, tough and subject to mechanical stress

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21
Q

Function of melanocytes

A

Cells that produce melanin

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22
Q

Why is melanin important

A

Protects skin from sun damage

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23
Q

Function of langerhans cells

A

Activate immune system

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24
Q

Which body systems are langerhan (dendritic) cells associated with

A

Immune and lymphatic system

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25
Q

Function of merkel cells

A

Sensation of touch

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26
Q

Which body systems are merkel cells associated with

A

Nervous system

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27
Q

What layer is most superficial (closer to surface)

A

Epidermis

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28
Q

What happens in stratum basal (also called stratum germinativum)

A

MITOSIS, PRODUCE MORE CELLS
Keratininocytes are formed before moving to surface of epidermis and shed as dead skin cells,

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29
Q

What is found in stratum corneum

A

Dead keratinized cells

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30
Q

Purpose of stratum corneum

A

Protects us from bacteria, uv damage, keeps skin hydrated

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31
Q

What layer of skin would you expect to be thicker in thick skin

A

Outermost, stratum corneum

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32
Q

Function does thick skin serve, why needed

A

Gripping, for protection and gripping

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33
Q

What is callus

A

Thick, harden part of tissue (back of feet)

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34
Q

What layer of skin would be affected by callus

A

Epidermis, outermost layer

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35
Q

Dermis contain what 2 regions

A

Papillary and reticular

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36
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in papillary region

A

Areolar connective tissue

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37
Q

What are dermal papillae

A

Layers of dermis that extend into epidermis

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38
Q

Importance of papillary region having papillae, when connecting the epidermis to dermis

A

Provide increased surface area for them to connect

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39
Q

What are meissner corpuscles

A

Touch receptors, located in dermal papillae

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40
Q

Why would dense tissue be found in the reticular region

A

Both give structure and elasticity

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41
Q

What do pacinan corpuscles detect? Where are they

A

Pressure and vibration, deep in dermis

42
Q

What type of tissue found in hypodermis

A

Adipose and areolar tissue

43
Q

Purpose of hypodermis

A

Storing fat and blood supply

44
Q

Which cells make melanin

A

Melanocytes

45
Q

Where are melanocytes located

A

Stratum basale, lowest layer of epidermis

46
Q

Purpose of melanocytes

A

Produce protective skin darkening pigment melanin

47
Q

How does melanocytes in different skin tones compare in number

A

Everyone has same amount, just produce different amounts of melanin

48
Q

What is a freckle

A

Intensity exposure to sunlight, small brown spots

49
Q

How does freckle differ from nexus

A

Freckles on skin, nexus in eye

50
Q

What is vitiligo

A

Disease that cause loss of skin color

51
Q

What is albinism, how does it develop

A

Defect of melanin production, inherited disease

52
Q

In which layer of skin is carotene found

A

Stratum corneum

53
Q

What color does carotene gives the skin

A

Orange yellow pigment

54
Q

What vitamin is associated with carotene

A

Vitamin A

55
Q

Where is hemoglobin found?

A

red blood cells

56
Q

Which layer of skin would contain hemoglobin?

A

Dermis

57
Q

How do oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin compare in color

A

Oxygenated- bright red
Deoxygenated- dark red

58
Q

What colors does hemoglobin give to the skin?

A

Reddish to pink tone

59
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Bluish discoloration of skin, resulting from poor circulation

60
Q

What is hair?

A

Soft keratin

61
Q

What gives hair it’s color

A

Melanocytes at hair matrix

62
Q

Where in the skin is the hair follicle located?

A

epidermis

63
Q

What is the function of the hair matrix?

A

Produces hair 

64
Q

 Why is the hair papilla important?

A

For hair growth and nourishment of follicle 

65
Q

What is the function of the hair root plexus? 

A

Allow Hair to assist touch sensation 

66
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Hair loss in an area

67
Q

What causes alopecia?

A

Hair pulling, stress, and childbirth

68
Q

Where does hair growth occur?

A

Root, dermal papilla

69
Q

Where are arrector pili muscles located? 

A

Attached to hair follicles 

70
Q

What is the purpose of arrector pili muscles?

A

Reserve heat when cold, goosebumps, contract 

71
Q

What type of muscle tissue is involved with arrector pili muscles? 

A

Smooth muscles

72
Q

Where are sebaceous gland typically located

A

Mid dermis, alongside hair follicle 

73
Q

What is sebum?

A

Sticky Oily substance 

74
Q

What is the purpose of sebum?

A

Moisturize and protect skin 

75
Q

Where are sebaceous oil glands simulated by?

A

testosterones

76
Q

What is the holocrine gland

A

Release secretory cells

77
Q

What is produced by sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat

78
Q

What purpose do sudoriferous glands serve

A

Cool body temp

79
Q

What is cerumen

A

Earwax

80
Q

Why is cerumen produced

A

Protect eardrums

81
Q

What is the significance of the nail matrix?

A

Make new nails and toenails 

82
Q

Why do nails appear pink? 

A

Epidermis is thin underneath 

83
Q

What is the clinical significance of Nails?

A

Protect finger tip and soft tissue 

84
Q

Name three parts of the skin where carotene is found

A

Stratum corneum, stratum basal, stratum Spinosum

85
Q

Will a wound that only involves the epidermis bleed? why or why not

A

No, because it’s avascular 

86
Q

What are the characteristics of inflammation?

A

Pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function

87
Q

What is the migratory stage?

A

Development of Granulation tissue 

88
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

Connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surface

89
Q

In the proliferative stage, which cells are multiplying

A

Endometrial 

90
Q

What is a keloid?

A

Raised scar, due to fibroblasts 

91
Q

What layer does first-degree burns affect?

A

Epidermis only

92
Q

What layer does second degree burns affect?

A

Epidermis and part of dermis (blisters)

93
Q

First and second-degree burns can be called partial thickness burns, why 

A

Does not burn below dermis

94
Q

What layers does third degree burns affect?

A

Epidermis and entire dermis

95
Q

Why are third-degree burns referred to as full thickness burns 

A

Destroy epidermis and below dermis

96
Q

Why is third degree burn often not painful 

A

Sensory structures have been destroyed 

97
Q

What are the major dangers of third-degree burns

A

Infection, water loss, scarring 

98
Q

Which cell does basal cell carcinoma cancer arise?

A

Basal, best prognosis

99
Q

Which cell does squamous cell carcinoma cancer arise?

A

Squamous

100
Q

Which cell does melanoma cancer arise?

A

Melanocytes, worst prognosis

A & P (5 decks)

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