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A & P > Chap 12 Pt 1 > Flashcards

Chap 12 Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What regions can the brain be divided into

A

Cerebrum, diencephlon, cerebellum, and brain stem
4 regions

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A

Outside of brain
Thinking, sensory (touch, taste, etc) motor movement

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3
Q

Diencephalon

A

Deep in Cerebrum
Hormonal controls, smooth involuntary muscle control. ,and temp regulation

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Below cerebrum
Balance and equilibrium , muscle movement coordination

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5
Q

Brain stem

A

Between cerebrum and spinal cord
Vital functions (blood pressure, heart rate)

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6
Q

Meninges

A

Connective tissue coving brain

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7
Q

Meninges- Dura mater, where is it located?

A

Outer most layer
Connected to skull

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8
Q

Dura mater- layer 1- periosteal dura mater

A

Attached to skull

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9
Q

Dura mater- layer 2- meningeal dura mater, located where

A

Extends between brain

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10
Q

What is flax cerebri and where is it found

A

Fold of dura mater that descends vertically into Longitudinal fissure

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11
Q

What is the difference between epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma?

A

Epidural hematoma- slow bleeding between dura and skull, not much space to spread
Subdural hematoma- bleeding in subdural space, occur faster, more deadly, puts pressure on brain

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12
Q

Dura mater- Arachnoid mater

A

Fine collagen and elastic fibers from spiderweb of tissue

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13
Q

Arachnoid mater- subarachnoid space, what is found in it?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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14
Q

Arachnoid mater-
Significance of arachnoid villi

A

Drain csf
Profusion of superior Sagittarius sinus
Shaped like bone

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15
Q

Arachnoid mater- What is superior Sagittarius sinus? Where is it located

A

Vein between layers and longitudinal fissure

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16
Q

Dura mater- Pia mater, where is it located?

A

Last layer of durameter
Sits directly on top of brain

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17
Q

What is a ventricle in the brain?

A

Space inside brain
Fluid filled

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18
Q

Name ventricles

A

Lateral ventricle- comma shape
3rd ventricle- chicken shape
4th ventricle- stick from side, diamond shaped from front

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19
Q

What ventricles are connected by cerebral aqueduct?

A

3rd and 4th Ventricle

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20
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid and what is its purpose

A

Made by choroid plexus
Blood plasma w/o proteins
Nutrients, maintain environment, cushion, and waste removal

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21
Q

Besides water, what can be found in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

A

Ions, nutrients, waste

22
Q

In what ventricles is CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) made

A

Lateral ventricle

23
Q

Flow of CSF

A

Lateral V -> 3rd v -> travel down canal called cerebral aqueduct -> 4th v -> to either, down to spinal cord below or aractnote apace around brain

24
Q

Describe structure of choroid plexus

A

U shaped

25
Q

Choroid plexus function? What ventricles contain plexus?

A

Make CSF
Lateral v, 3rd v, 4th v

26
Q

What role do Ependymal cells play

A

Circulate CSF

27
Q

What is the function of the superior Sagittarius sinus as it relates to CSF

A

CSF removed thru arachnoid villi then sup Sagittarius sinus

28
Q

Function of blood brain barrier? Which cells create blood brain barrier? What substances pass thru

A

Ensures environment in brain is controlled
Capillary Endothelial cells
Fat soluble

29
Q

What is gray matter

A

Area of brain that contain cell bodies (soma) that process info

30
Q

Do most superficial parts of the cerebrum contain gray or white matter

A

Gray

31
Q

What is in white matter

A

Tracts

32
Q

Tracts are composed of what, would they be white or gray matter

A

Myelinated axons
White

33
Q

3 major tracts in brain? What do they connect?

A

Commissural tracts- connect left and right
Association tracts- regions on same side (l to l, r to r)
Projection tract- cortex to lower region

34
Q

What is gyri (singular gyrus)

A

“Bumps” on surface of brain

35
Q

What is sulci (singular sulcus)

A

“Groove’ on brain, between bumps

36
Q

Where is the longitudinal fissure located? What large vein is located there

A

Divides brain into right and left hemispheres
Superior Sagittal sinus

37
Q

The central sulcus is found between which lobes

A

Frontal lobe and parietal lobe

38
Q

Lobes of brain

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temperal

39
Q

In which lobe is the precentral gyrus located

A

Frontal lobe

40
Q

In which lobe is postcentral gyrus located

A

Parietal lobe

41
Q

Where is the cerebral cortex found, white or gray matter

A

Outer portion of cerebrum
Gray matter

42
Q

Where is primary motor cortex is located

A

Frontal lobe

43
Q

What is controlled by primary motor cortex

A

Motor movement

44
Q

What is the pyramidal cell

A

Neurons
Initiate somatic voluntary motor signals

45
Q

What is meant by motor homunculus

A

Parts of body being mapped out around gyrus according to how many motor neurons go to those parts of body

46
Q

What does premotor cortex control

A

Planning movement

47
Q

What does the brocca’s area control

A

Frontal lobe
Motor speech control, planning to speak

48
Q

Where is somatosensory cortex located? What is controlled by it

A

Parietal lobes
Body position (proprioception of muscle, joints, and tendons), skin

49
Q

what is the somatosensory homunculus?

A

body parts being mapped along the post central gyrus according to how many sensory stimuli come from that area of the body

50
Q

What does somatosensory association cortex control

A

Interpret what being touch

51
Q

What does the Wernicke’s area control

A

Parietal lobe
Interpreting speech

A & P (5 decks)

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