Chap 6

Question 1

Sesamoid bone

Answer 1

bone that forms within the tendon

Question 2

osteoblast

Answer 2

A cell that produces the fibers and matrix of bone.

Question 3

Lacuna

Answer 3

A small pit or cavity

Question 4

Endochondral ossification

Answer 4

The replacement of a cartilaginous model with bone; the characteristic mode of formation for skeletal elements other than the bones of the cranium, the clavicles, and sesamoid bones.

Question 5

Osteoclast

Answer 5

A cell that dissolves the fibers and matrix of bone

Question 6

Calcitonin

Answer 6

The hormone secreted by C cells of the thyroid when calcium ion concentrations are abnormally high; restores homeostasis by increasing the rate of bone deposition and the rate of calcium loss by the kidneys.

Question 7

Marrow

Answer 7

A tissue that fills the internal cavities in bone; dominated by hemopoietic cells (red bone marrow) or by adipose tissue (yellow bone marrow)

Question 8

medullary cavity

Answer 8

A space within a bone that contains the marrow

Question 9

Acromegaly

Answer 9

A condition caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults, characterized by a thinking of bones and an enlargement of cartilages and other sort tissues

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 10

A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands when blood calcium levels decrease below the normal range; causes increased osteoclast activity, increased intestinal calcium uptake, and decreased calcium ion loss by the kidneys

Question 11

hormone

Answer 11

A chemical that is recreated by one cell and travels through the bloodstream to affect the activities of cells in another part of the body

Question 12

Metaphysis

Answer 12

The region of the long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis, corresponding to the location of the epiphyseal cartilage of the developing bone

Question 13

intramembranous ossification

Answer 13

the formation of bone within a connective tissue without the prior development of a cartilaginous model

Question 14

tuberosity

Answer 14

a large roughened elevation on a bony surface

Question 15

Articular capsule

Answer 15

the dense collagen fiber sleeve that surrounds a joint and provides protection and stabilization; also called joint capsule

Question 16

Endosteum

Answer 16

an incomplete cellular lining on the inner (medullary) surfaces of bones

Question 17

Cancellous bone

Answer 17

Spongy bone, composed of a network of bony struts

Question 18

ossification

Answer 18

the formation of bone; osteogenesis

Question 19

fracture

Answer 19

break or crack in the bone

Question 20

osteolysis

Answer 20

the breakdown of the mineral matrix of bone

Question 21

Compact bone

Answer 21

Dense bone that contains parallel osteons

Question 22

calcification

Answer 22

the deposition of calcium salts within a tissue

Question 23

osteon

Answer 23

the basic histological unit of compact bone, consisting of osteocytes organized around a central canal and separated by concentric lamellae

Question 24

Parathyroid glands

Answer 24

Four small glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone

Question 25

cortex

Answer 25

the outer layer or region of an organ (5) or bone

Question 26

epiphyseal cartilage

Answer 26

The cartilaginous region between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone; also called epiphyseal plate

Question 27

sutural bones

Answer 27

irregular bones that form in fibrous tissue between the flat bones of the developing cranium; also called Wormian bones

Question 28

Lamellae

Answer 28

Concentric layers; the concentric layers of bone with an osteon

Question 29

epiphysis

Answer 29

the head of the long bone

Question 30

articular cartilage

Answer 30

the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity

Question 31

periosteum

Answer 31

the layer that surrounds a bone, consisting of an outer fibrous region and inner cellular region

Question 32

Osteocyte

Answer 32

A bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone

Question 33

diaphysis

Answer 33

the shaft of the long bone