Chap 6 Flashcards
can generate quite a bit of heat, which could cause the chip to malfunction or fail.
Processor chips
small ceramic or metal component with fins on its
surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced.
heat sink
uses a continuous flow of fluid, such as
water and glycol, in a process that transfers the heated fluid away
Liquid cooling technology
rests below a laptop and protects the computer from
overheating.
cooling pad
main circuit board of the
computer
A computer chip is a small piece of semiconducting
material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched (cut or carve (a text or design) on a surface)
motherboard
What is machine cycle?
- Fetching is the process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory.
- Decoding refers to the process of translating the instructions into signals the computer can execute.
- Executing is the process of carrying out the commands.
- Storing, in this context, “writing” means writing the result to memory (not to a storage medium).
interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Processor with more core perform better.
central processing unit (CPU)
a single chip with two or more separate processor cores.
multi-core processor
responsible for holding data & programs ass they are being processed by the CPU.
Computer memory
the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
control unit
another component of the processor, performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
controls the timing of all computer operations
system clock
generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail
A processor chip
Require additional cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling technology
– Cooling pads
An operating system and other apps require a certain
amount of RAM to function properly.
swap file, or paging file
The area of the hard drive temporarily used to store data that cannot fit in RAM
- It is the temporary storage location.
- It is stored on one or more chips
connected to the main circuit board of
the computer (the motherboard). - It is volatile memory.
- The motherboard is a circuit board
inside a computer that contains the
microprocessor, the computer memory,
and other internal devices.
RAM
- It is the permanent storage location.
- It is stored on a chip that contains
BIOS connected to the main circuit
board of the computer (the
motherboard). - It is non-volatile memory.
- Computer manufacturers update the
instructions on the ROM chip, which
are referred to as firmware
ROM
Type of RAM
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- Static RAM
- Magnetto-resistive RAM
- Flash memory
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Memory needs to be constantly recharged or
contents will be erased. (Volatile)
Static RAM
Memory can be recharged less frequently than
DRAM but can be more expensive than DRAM (Volatile)
Memory uses magnetic charges to store
contents and can retain its contents in the
absence of power (non-volatile)
Magneto-resistive RAM
Fast type of memory that is typically less
expensive than some other types of RAM and
can retain its contents in the absence of power. (Non-volatile)
Flash memory
Cloud computing consists of a front end and a
back end, connected to each other through a
network
the hardware and software with which a user interacts to access the cloud.
front end
the servers and storage devices that manage and store the resources accessed by users.
back end
allows companies to outsource, or contract to
third-party providers, elements of their information technology infrastructure.
Cloud computing
SaaS (software as a service)
consumers and organizations
rely on cloud computing services to manage:
✔ Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
✔ Storage as service (STaaS)
✔ Desktop as a service
✔ Data as a service (DaaS)
✔ Platform as a service (PaaS)
Some additional cloud services include:
✔ Synchronize files
✔ Write documents
✔Backup files
✔ Stream media
- Verify that the company is reputable and has been in business for an extended
period of time. - Choose a provider that encrypts your files.
- Determine whether the provider’s service is compatible with your computer(s) and
mobile device(s). - Compare the price of various storage plans and choose a provider that offers
competitive pricing. - Verify that the cloud storage provider will support the types of files you want to
back up. If desired, choose a cloud storage provider that allows you to share
selected files with others. - Consider whether the provider offers a mobile app that you can use to access your
files using a mobile device
Home and business users choose cloud computing for
a variety of reasons
– Accessibility
– Cost savings
– Space savings
– Scalability
digital currency that can be used to transfer money or
payments between users or corporations
is not backed or secured by a government.
Cryptocurrency
such as Venmo, enable you to transfer money between your credit card or bank account and another
user.
Payment apps
such as ApplePay, is an app that is connected to a specific payment card or financial account
digital wallet
Some steps to protect your cloud-based data include:
- Choose your cloud provider(s) carefully, whether you are using a
web-based app that also offers storage, such as Google Drive, or
using an online backup system. - Read the user agreement for your cloud provider.
- Set the most advanced privacy settings that your service allows.
- Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication to protect
against unauthorized access from hackers. - Do not store sensitive data or other information, without ensuring
that they will be encrypted.
Analog
signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality
Digital
signals are in one of two states: on or off
binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
Bits and bytes
consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data
Memory
Memory usually consists of one or more chips on the motherboard or some other circuit board on the computer.
Memory stores three basic categories of items:
✔ The operating system (a program that manages the complete
operation of your computer) and other programs that control or
maintain the computer and its devices.
✔ Applications that carry out a specific task, such as word
processing.
✔ The data being processed by the applications and the resulting
is the basic storage unit in memory. resides temporarily in a location in memory that has an address.
byte
a unique number that identifies the location of a byte in memory.
* To access data or instructions in
memory, the computer references the
addresses that contain bytes of data
address
RAM, also called main memory, consists of memory chips that can be read from
and written to by the processor and other devices
Today’s computers improve their processing times with cache (pronounced cash), which is a temporary storage area.
Memory cache helps speed up the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
refers to memory chipsstoring permanent data and instructions
– Firmware
Read-only memory (ROM)
can be erased electronically and rewritten
– CMOS technology uses battery power to retain
information when the power to the computer is off
- non-volatile
-memory cards contains it on a removable device
Flash memory
Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other memory chips use
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology as it
provides high speeds and consumes little power.
* CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information even when
the power to the computer is off.
* Battery-backed CMOS memory chips.
* The flash memory chips that store a computer’s startup information
often use CMOS technology
the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds
Access time
enhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripheral devices
– Sound card and video card
adapter card
a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card
expansion slot
Plug and Play technology
the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them
enhances functions of a mobile
computer and/or provides connections to peripheral
devices
USB adapter
bus
allows the various devices both inside and
attached to the system unit to communicate with one
another
– Data bus
– Address bus
Word size
the number of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a given time
three types of buses:
– System bus
– Backside bus
– Expansion bus
converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power
power supply or laptop AC adapter
